With the widespread application of lithium-ion batteries in more and more fields, selecting appropriate electrode materials in different environments has become a key issue in the research of lithium-ion batteries. In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, lithium-ion batteries have become a key point of development, and their applications in special fields have put forward higher requirements for the performance of lithium-ion battery cathode materials. At present, electrode materials are widely used in fields such as instrument testing equipment, vehicle-mounted equipment batteries, and vehicle-mounted canopy batteries. In these cases, precise control of the operation temperature of electrode materials is required, and it is necessary to ensure that the electrode materials used still have good performance at high or low temperatures. Therefore, it is crucial to study the selection of lithium-ion cathode materials at different temperatures. This article first introduces common positive electrode materials and the working principles of lithium-ion batteries, elaborates on the selection of lithium-ion positive electrode materials at different temperatures and the modification treatment of some positive electrode materials to adapt to corresponding temperature conditions, and discusses the reasons, principle, and significance.