Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser rapid forming Inconel 718

Zhao, Xiaoming; Chen, Jing; Lin, Xin; Huang, Weidong

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2007.05.079

Cited by 346 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The powder morphology largely depends on the powder manufacturing process: gas atomization (GA) powders are generally in spherical shape but are mostly attached with small satellite particles, rotary atomization (RA) powders are basically semi-spherical, while plasma rotating electrode process (PREP) powders are almost perfect round without satellites [53]. In addition, gas induced porosity is common in GA and RA powders, while PREP powder is noted as absent from such porosity [53][54][55]. For the aforementioned reasons, PREP powders are preferred.…”

Section: Applying Powder Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 : Microstructures and Mechanical Properties

Deng

2018

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Licentiate Thesis

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Linköping 2018Cover image: A fracture surface of EBM IN718 after tensile test at room temperature.During the course of research underlying this thesis, Dunyong Deng was enrolled in Agora Materiae, a multidiciplinary doctoral program at Linköping University, Sweden. Printed by LiU-Tryck 2018 © Dunyong Deng AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has gained significant interest in aerospace, energy, automotive and medical industries due to its capabilities of manufacturing components that are either prohibitively costly or impossible to manufacture by conventional processes. Among the various additive manufacturing processes for metallic components, electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM) are two of the most widely used powder bed based processes, and have shown great potential for manufacturing high-end critical components, such as turbine blades and customized medical implants. The futures of the EBM and SLM are doubtlessly promising, but to fully realize their potentials there are still many challenges to overcome.Inconel 718 (IN718) is a nickel-base superalloy and has impressive combination of good mechanical properties and low cost. Though IN718 is being mostly used as a turbine disk material now, the initial introduction of IN718 was to overcome the poor weldability of superalloys in 1960s, since sluggish precipitation of strengthening phases γ ′ /γ ′′ enables good resistance to strain-age cracking during welding or post weld heat treatment. Given the similarity between AM and welding processes, IN718 has been widely applied to the metallic AM field to facilitate the understandings of process-microstructure-property relationships.The work presented in this licentiate thesis aims to better understand microstructures and mechanical properties EBM and SLM IN718, which have not been systematically investigated. Microstructures of EBM and SLM IN718 have been characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with the process conditions. Monotonic mechanical properties (e.g., Vickers microhardness and tensile properties) have also been measured and rationalized with regards to the microstructure evolutions before and after heat treatments.For EBM IN718, the results show the microstructure is not homogeneous but dependant on the location in the components, and the anisotropic mechanical properties are probably attributed to alignment of porosities rather than texture.iii Post heat treatment can slightly increase the mechanical strength compared to the as-manufactured condition but does not alter the anisotropy. SLM IN718 shows significantly different microstructure and mechanical properties to EBM IN718. The as-manufactured SLM IN718 has very fine dendritic microstructure and Laves phases in the interdendrites, and is "work-hardened" by the residual strains and dislocations present in the material. Mechanical properties are different between horizontally and vertically built samples, and heat treatment can m...

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Section: Applying Powder Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 : Microstructures and Mechanical Properties

Deng

2018

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Licentiate Thesis

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“…Several studies have been performed to evaluate the microstructures and mechanical properties of SLM processed Alloy 718 parts, for example [1][2][3][4][5]. Studies have reported the effects of laser power [5,6], scanning speed [6], scanning strategy [7], and laser energy density [5,6] on microstructure and mechanical characteristics of Alloy 718.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of laser exposure time and point distance on 75-μm-thick layer of selective laser melted Alloy 718

Karimi

Raza

Andersson

et al. 2017

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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A systematic matrix with 25 samples, using five different point distances and five laser exposure times, depositing 75-μm-thick layers of Alloy 718 has been studied. The work has concentrated on defects formed, hardness of the deposits, and the microstructure. Relatively large amount of defects, both lack of fusion and porosity, was found in several of the specimens in the deposits. The defects were never possible to fully eliminate, but a significant decrease, mainly in the lack of fusion, was seen with increasing laser exposure time. The gas porosity on the other hand was not affected to any larger degree, except for the lowest laser energy input, where a slight increase in porosity was seen. A small increase in hardness was noted with increasing laser energy input. The width of the deposited beads increased with increasing laser energy, while the depth of deposits was more or less constant. However, for the lowest combination of point distance and laser exposure time, quite deep and narrow beads were formed. A comparison was made with deposition of 50-μm-thick layers, with quite similar laser energy input, but with some variation in detailed deposition parameters. It was found that the 75-μm-thick layers contained less lack of fusion, particularly for small point distances. The amount of porosity was also less, but that did not vary with deposition parameters.

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“…Porosity can be classified into two groups as powder induced and process-induced [27], where the powder induced porosity is directly translated from gas pores inside the powder feedstock while the process induced porosity results from unsuitable process parameters. Some techniques like hot isostatic pressing and double melt method [28] were proposed to eliminate the feedstock internal porosity and furtherly to reduce the powder induced porosity in the final parts [29,30]. Compared with the powder induced porosity, the process induced one has received more research attention since it can be eliminated by tuning the process parameters properly.…”

Section: Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of physically-based and data-driven approaches for thermal field prediction in additive manufacturing

Jin

2018

Materials & Design

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A quantitative understanding of thermal field evolution is vital for quality control in additive manufacturing (AM). Because of the unknown material parameters, high computational costs, and imperfect understanding of the underlying science, physically-based approaches alone are insufficient for component-scale thermal field prediction. Here, I present a new framework that integrates physically-based and data-driven approaches with quasi in situ thermal imaging to address this problem. The framework consists of (i) thermal modeling using 3D finite element analysis (FEA), (ii) surrogate modeling using functional Gaussian process, and (iii) Bayesian calibration using the thermal imaging data. Based on heat transfer laws, I first investigate the transient thermal behavior during AM using 3D FEA. A functional Gaussian process-based surrogate model is then constructed to reduce the computational costs from the high-fidelity, physically-based model. I finally employ a Bayesian calibration method, which incorporates the surrogate model and thermal measurements, to enable layer-to-layer thermal field prediction across the whole component. A case study on fused deposition modeling is conducted for components with 7 to 16 layers. The cross-validation results show that the proposed framework allows for accurate and fast thermal field prediction for components with different process settings and geometric designs. Integration of Physically-based and Data-driven Approaches for Thermal Field Prediction in Additive ManufacturingJingran Li GENERAL AUDIENCE ABSTRACT This paper aims to achieve the layer to layer temperature monitoring and consequently predict the temperature distribution for any new freeform geometry. An engineering statistical synergistic model is proposed to integrate the pure statistical methods and finite element modeling (FEM), which is physically meaningful as well as accurate for temperature prediction. Besides, this proposed synergistic model contains geometry information, which can be applied to any freeform geometry. This paper serves to enable a holistic cyber physical systems-based approach for the additive manufacturing (AM) not only restricted in fused deposition modeling (FDM) process but also can be extended to powder-based process like laser engineered net shaping (LENS) and selective laser sintering (SLS). This paper as well as the scheduled future works will make it affordable for customized AM including customized geometries and materials, which will greatly accelerate the transition from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing. This article demonstrates a first evaluation of engineering statistical synergistic model in AM technology, which gives a perspective on future researches about online quality monitoring and control of AM based data fusion principles. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser rapid forming Inconel 718

Cited by 346 publications

References 12 publications

Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 : Microstructures and Mechanical Properties

Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 : Microstructures and Mechanical Properties

Influence of laser exposure time and point distance on 75-μm-thick layer of selective laser melted Alloy 718

Integration of physically-based and data-driven approaches for thermal field prediction in additive manufacturing

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