Study on morphology of ternary polymer blends. I. Effects of melt viscosity and interfacial interaction

Hemmati, Mahmood; Nazokdast, H.; Panahi, Hadi

doi:10.1002/app.1947

Cited by 103 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The weak optical contrast and low interfacial tension makes the actual measurement of the interfacial tension extremely difficult using common experimental techniques. Interfacial tension values ranging from 0.06 to 0.6 mN/m estimated using the harmonic mean equation [43] and various other techniques can be found in the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Using our own calculation from the harmonic mean equation and considering other data published in the literature, we estimate the interfacial tension between EPDM and PP to be around 0.3 mN/m at the melt blending temperature of 190 8C.…”

Section: Interfacial Tension and Miscibility/immiscibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethylenepropylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) has been found to be the most successful elastomer in blending with PP due to: the very low interfacial tension (s)( z0.3 mN/m at 190 8C) [1][2][3][4][5][6] and the low glass transition temperature of EPDM (zK40 to K50 8C) [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Furthermore, the EPDM can be crosslinked, which opens up numerous advantages as a thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPVs) [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuity development in polymer blends of very low interfacial tension

Bhadane

Champagne

Huneault

et al. 2006

Polymer

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Continuity development in polymer blends of very low interfacial tension AbstractPhase continuity development and co-continuous morphologies are highly influenced by the nature of the interface in immiscible polymer blends. Blends of ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) and polypropylene (PP) possess an interfacial tension of about 0.3 mN/m and provide an interesting model system to study the detailed morphology development in a very low interfacial tension binary system. A variety of blends with viscosity ratios of 0.2-5.0 and shear stresses of 11.7-231.4 kPa were considered. Using a variety of sophisticated morphology protocols it is shown that at low blend compositions, the dispersed phase actually exists as stable fibers of extremely small diameter of 50-200 nm and the continuity develops by fiber-fiber coalescence. An analysis using break-up times from Tomotika theory also supports the notion of highly stable dispersed fiber formation. These results challenge the current view of the dispersed phase as small spherical droplets. It is shown, under these conditions, that a seven-fold variation in the viscosity ratio has virtually no influence on % continuity or morphology, while a large change in the matrix shear stress from 11.7 to 90.9 kPa has an important effect on pore diameter. Both sides of the continuity diagram are studied and highly symmetrical continuity behavior is observed with composition. In fact a single master continuity curve is observed for these blends varying in viscosity ratio from 0.7-5.0 and with shear stresses from 11.7-90.9 kPa. Although the glass transition temperatures indicate that these materials are completely immiscible after melt mixing and cooling, it is shown that the blends demonstrate the morphological features of a partially miscible system. These results support a concept that the blend was partially miscible during melt blending, at which time the gross morphological features of the blend were developed, but becomes fully phase separated upon cooling. It appears that the quenching of the EPDM/PP blend from the melt is rapid enough to preserve the imprint of that partial miscibility on the gross blend morphology. q

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Section: Interfacial Tension and Miscibility/immiscibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuity development in polymer blends of very low interfacial tension

Bhadane

Champagne

Huneault

et al. 2006

Polymer

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“…A high molecular orientation hints the large difference between the polarity of side groups and the polarity of polysulfone main chain. As is known to all, UDEL Polysulfone is an amorphous high performance polymer [22]. Obviously, quarternary ammonium groups linking with the polysulfone main chain is the reason that the lamellar crystals formed in the SEM of M1a.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of PVP content on the quaternized polysulfone in blend membranes

Huang

Xiao

2010

E-Polymers

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A series of blend membranes of quaternized polysulfone (QPSF) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were obtained by a novel method. The procedure of quaternization of chloromethylated polysulfone and the process of blend are synchronous. These blend membranes, prepared with quaternized polysulfone (QPSF) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), were characterized by FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degrees of swelling of the membranes in some solvent were also measured. The ionic resistances of the membranes were measured too. With the increasing of PVP content, the properties of the membranes have changed. The tensile strength of blend membrane dropped while the degrees of swelling of the membranes in water increased. The ionic resistance of the membrane dropped with the PVP content increasing in blend membranes. The polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has good compatibility with quaternized polysulfone in blend membranes.

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“…They assumed that n B ¼ n C and calculated the interfacial energy for each phase structure. Hemmati et al 21 used Guo's equation for coreshell and dispersed morphologies in the form of following equations and renamed it as ''Relative Interfacial Energy (RIE)'':…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PET/EVA/PP ternary blends: An investigation of extended morphological properties

Abolhasani

Azar

Shokoohi

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, the effects of different parameters on the morphological properties of ternary blends were investigated. Therefore two systems (PET/ H-EVA/PP and PET/L-EVA/PP, H-EVA and L-EVA are high and low viscosity, respectively) were prepared by melt mixing process. In all of the blends, poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) as the major phase-with poly propylene (PP) and two grades of poly (ethyl-stat-vinylacetate) (EVA) with different viscosities and subsequently different interfacial interactions was blended. Theoretical models predicted positive spreading coefficient for two grades of EVA and lower free energy for the samples consisting of EVA and PP as the shell and the core phases respectively. With changing core shell ratio, droplet size of samples containing L-EVA and H-EVA increased and decreased, respectively. Subinclusion of shell into the core was observed in some blended samples. In systems containing H-EVA, by thickening the shell phase; multi core morphology was observed which would be related to the coalescence phenomenon inter the droplets.

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Study on morphology of ternary polymer blends. I. Effects of melt viscosity and interfacial interaction

Cited by 103 publications

References 16 publications

Continuity development in polymer blends of very low interfacial tension

Continuity development in polymer blends of very low interfacial tension

Effect of PVP content on the quaternized polysulfone in blend membranes

PET/EVA/PP ternary blends: An investigation of extended morphological properties

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