Surface modification plays a vital
role in regulating protein adsorption
and subsequently cell adhesion. In the present work, we prepared nanoscaled
modified surfaces using silanization and characterized them using
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water contact angle
(WCA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Five different (amine, octyl,
mixed, hybrid, and COOH) surfaces were prepared based on their functionality
and varying wettability and their effect on protein adsorption and
initial cell adhesion was investigated. AFM analysis revealed nanoscale
roughness on all modified surfaces. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was used
for protein adsorption experiment and effect of FBS was analyzed on
initial cell adhesion kinetics (up to 6 h) under three different experimental
conditions: (a) with FBS in media, (b) with preadsorbed FBS on surfaces,
and (c) incomplete media, i.e., without FBS. Various cell features
such as cell morphology/circularity, cell area and nuclei size were
also studied for the above stated conditions at different time intervals.
The cell adhesion rate as well as cell spread area were highest in
the case of surfaces with preadsorbed FBS. We observed higher surface
coverage rate by adhering cells on hybrid (rate, 0.073 h–1) and amine (0.072 h–1) surfaces followed by COOH
(0.062 h–1) and other surfaces under preadsorbed
FBS condition. Surface treated with cells in incomplete media exhibited
least adhesion rate, poor cell spreading and improper morphology.
Furthermore, we found that initial cell adhesion rate and Δadhered cells (%) linearly increased with the change in
α-helix content of adsorbed FBS on surfaces. Among all the modified
surfaces and under all three experimental conditions, hybrid surface
exhibited excellent properties for supporting cell adhesion and growth
and hence can be potentially used as surface modifiers in biomedical
applications to design biocompatible surfaces.