Study on requirement of nickel electroplating in OFE copper-316L stainless steel brazed joints

Kumar, Abhay; Ganesh, P.; Kaul, R.; Yadav, D P; Karnewar, A. K.; Yedle, K.; Gupta, R. K.; Singh, Manoj Kumar; Sankar, P. Ram; Bhatnagar, V. K.; Sridhar, R.; Joshi, S.C.; Kukreja, L. M.

doi:10.1007/s00170-016-8664-7

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…During the brazing activities, the molten filler materials infiltrated into the grain boundaries of the coarsened copper grains with a distance of 40-100 µm. This phenomenon is consistent with what was reported in the literature [13]. During the cooling process after brazing, the copper grew along the Ni layer that was formed by the nickel plating and the molten filler automatically flowing to the Cu grain boundary, resulting in the Ag-rich phase mainly distributed near the copper side after brazing.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Unfortunately, the joining of copper to stainless steel is challenging because of the differences in melting point, thermal expansion coefficient, wettability and thermal conductivity between stainless steel and copper [4,5]. Many studies on the connection of copper and stainless steel have been carried out to obtain defect-free joints by laser welding, tungsten/metal gas-suspended arc welding, diffusion bonding and vacuum brazing [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Li Xiangbin et al performed vacuum brazing on 100 mm SS and CuCrZr pipe with foil-shaped BAg-6 filler at 690 • C and a pressure of 8 × 10 −3 Pa, and the shear strength of the as-brazed joint was higher than 90 MPa [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Goods et al to join the SS tube to the CuCrZr base in the ITER first wall at 1040 • C and 103 MPa for 2 h. The tensile strength of the joints was higher than 230 MPa [16]. In particular, Abhay Kumar et al [13] studied the brazing process, mechanical properties and microstructure of the SS and copper joints of nickel-plated stainless steel. The results revealed that a joint with a shear strength of 170 MPa could be obtained in an overlap joint style with a short distance of 17 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vacuum Brazing and Performance Evaluation of T2 Copper Block and 316L Stainless Steel Tube

Wang

Shang

Zeng

et al. 2023

Metals

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The International Thermonuclear Experiment Reactor (ITER) Thermal shield (TS) serves as a cryogenic heat exchanger to maintain the thermal stability of the ITER superconducting magnet coil, which is critical to the control of the plasma during the operation of the ITER device. The TS is composed of long-length 316L stainless steel (SS) and copper as brazed joints. In this case, a feasible fabrication design for the CCS TS is presented, accomplished by three kinds of joining processes (vacuum brazing, friction stir weld, and TIG weld). In the reliable fabrication design, the brazing quality of the as-brazed long-distance 316L SS and copper joints plays a critical role in the thermal conductivity performance of the ITER thermal shield. Therefore, a high-quality vacuum brazing process of long-length SS/Cu joints applied in a low-temperature superconductor magnet system was first studied. The macro metallography analysis demonstrates the braze ratio of the samples is 100%, and no crack or defect is observed in the samples. The microstructural characterization reveals the brazing seams are composed of silver-based Ag-rich eutectic. The micro-shear test indicates that the shear strength of the 316L tube and copper joint is 205 MPa, with the fracture position located on the copper side; this zone will be the most vulnerable zone of the joints. In addition, the SEM results illustrated that the shear fracture morphology displayed a ductile fracture feature. The test results demonstrated that the highly precise depth drilling employed in this paper ensured a good control of the brazing clearance, resulting in a 100% braze ratio for the long-length SS/Cu joints. Therefore, it can be concluded that the brazing process can be applied in the ITER TS for the good thermal conductivity performance of long-length SS/Cu-brazing joints.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vacuum Brazing and Performance Evaluation of T2 Copper Block and 316L Stainless Steel Tube

Wang

Shang

Zeng

et al. 2023

Metals

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“…As a result, the tensile strength of the joint increased signi cantly to 260 MPa. Kumar et al [22] conducted a comparative study to investigate the impact of various surface states of the base material on the microstructure and mechanical properties of joints during vacuum brazing with silver-copper eutectic brazing material at 800°C. The researchers observed that compared to the pickling activation or ultrasonic cleaning of the stainless steel surface, the application of nickel-plated joints on the stainless steel surface led to obvious diffusion of the brazing material along the grain boundaries of the base plate manufactured by purple copper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nickel layer on interfacial micro-structure distribution and macro-mechanical properties for vacuum-brazed dissimilar steel joints

Wang

Wei

et al. 2023

Weld World

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In this paper, nickel-plated Q235 carbon steel and 304 stainless steel were vacuum brazed together using pure copper foil as the ller metal. The effects of nickel plating at the carbon steel surface on the shear strength of the brazed joints were investigated and veri ed by the nite element analysis method. The microstructure and shear strength of the brazed dissimilar steel joints were characterized by SEM and tensile experiments. The results found that the pure copper brazing material exhibited excellent wettability to the base metal. With the increase of heat treatment temperature and holding time, the plated Ni particles fuse with each other and the boundary of the Ni particles gradually disappears, which increases the diffusion distance of Fe, Ni, and P elements and the width of the interface transition zone.The maximum shear strength of the brazed dissimilar steel joint without the nickel layer is 265.9 MPa for the optimized brazing parameters with 0.06 mm thickness of pure copper foil. After nickel plating on the carbon steel surface with heat treatment of 500 ℃ for 1 h, the shear strength of the brazed dissimilar steel joint reduces to 213.4 MPa, which may be due to the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds by Ni and P elements on the surface of the layer at high temperatures.

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Effect of Ni on the wetting and brazing characterization of 304 stainless steel by Ag–Cu alloy

Zhang

et al. 2023

J Mater Sci

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Study on requirement of nickel electroplating in OFE copper-316L stainless steel brazed joints

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Vacuum Brazing and Performance Evaluation of T2 Copper Block and 316L Stainless Steel Tube

Vacuum Brazing and Performance Evaluation of T2 Copper Block and 316L Stainless Steel Tube

Effects of nickel layer on interfacial micro-structure distribution and macro-mechanical properties for vacuum-brazed dissimilar steel joints

Effect of Ni on the wetting and brazing characterization of 304 stainless steel by Ag–Cu alloy

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