Study on Statistical Characteristics of Nonpoint Pollutants Deposited in Urban Areas

Abstract

The objective of this study is to clarify the statistical characteristics of pollutants deposited in urban areas, taking account of stages (road surfaces, street inlets and streams) and land uses where they accumulated, from surveys over a period of 16 years in Kyoto City. The result of correlation analysis showed that there are intimate relationship between grain size and such pollutants as organic matter and nutrients. It showed the dependence of pollutants on grain size. After principal component analysis, the distribution of principal factor loading showed that the first and the second components meant the type of pollution and the physical property of pollutants. The distribution of the principal factor score showed that each land use had different pollutant characteristics. On the other hand, the characteristics of the pollutants that accumulated on a road surface were shown to be affected by storms, and nutrients were more likely to run off in a storm than organic matter. The content rate of pollutants accumulated in a stream was shown to decrease in proportion to the progress of sewer construction, but it was also shown that the rate of some pollutants has not changed in the area of a separate sewer system. As a result, some valuable information for the control of nonpoint pollutants in urban area was obtained.

Assessment of temporal and spatial variation of coastal water quality and source identification along Macau peninsula

“…Multivariate techniques including cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA) and principal component analysis (PCA) have been applied to a variety of environmental applications including assessment of spatiotemporal change of rainwater quality (Wunderlin et al 2001;Vazquez et al 2003;Hamers et al 2003;Ouyang et al 2006), identification of rainfall runoff characteristics on different urban surfaces (Goonetillekea et al 2005;Yamada et al 1993;Huang et al 2007), and evaluation of the spatiotemporal patterns of land-based pollution on coastal areas (Zhou et al 2007a, b, c), etc. Obviously, previous studies provided valuable insights into the application of CA, DA and PCA techniques to environmental management and protection.…”

Economic analyses for optimizing the construction of separate sewer in a hybrid sewer system

“…The effectiveness of pollution prevention and control, indexed by the improvement of environmental quality or reduction of environmental damages (Downing 1984). The concentration of pollutants in the receiving water is shown to decrease in proportion to the progress of sewer construction (Yamada et al, 1993;Ning et al 2001).…”

Multivariate Analysis for Stormwater Quality Characteristics Identification from Different Urban Surface Types in Macau

“…However, few studies on urban stormwater quality analysis by multivariate technique have been reported (Yamada et al 1993;Goonetilleke et al 2005). Characteristics of urban stormwater quality in Macau still remain poorly understood (Huang et al 2007).…”