Study on Synergistic Antioxidant Effect of Typical Functional Components of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract from Ginkgo Biloba In Vitro

Abstract

The predicted anti-oxidation is related to apoptosis, proliferation, lipid metabolism, cell differentiation, and immune response. There are some differences in the antioxidant capacity of the four typical components of ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) including ginkgo flavone (GF), ginkgolide (G), procyanidins (OPC), and organic acids (OA), and any two members of them can exhibit apparent synergistic effects. The order of DPPH scavenging ability was: OPC > GF > OA > G. The scavenging ability of procyanidins was close to that of VC; the scavenging capacity of ABTS was GF > OPC > OA > G. The GF:OPC (1:9) showed the best synergism in scavenging DPPH and ABTS radicals. The 193 kinds of small molecules reported in EGb were obtained by analyzing the properties of EGb. In order to construct a corresponding biological activity target set, molecular docking and the network pharmacology method were employed to build the molecular action mechanism network of a compound target, and the main biological functions and signaling pathways involved with their antioxidant activities were predicted. The results displayed that the top ten compounds which belonged to the two broad categories, ginkgo flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, could interact closely with several important target proteins (CASP3, SOD2, MAPK1, HSPA4, and NQO1). This would be expected to lay a theoretical foundation for the deep development of Ginkgo biloba extract.

Optimization of Ultrasound- and Microwave-Assisted Extraction for the Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Peach Byproducts Using Experimental Design and Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…Such compounds, such as vitamins C and E [ 31 , 32 , 33 ], and amino acids or proteins [ 33 , 34 , 35 ], typically found in peach and its products, were proportionally extracted in the UAE and MAE extracts. Alternatively, synergistic effects occurring between antiradical antioxidants in both extracts may have leveled the results of scavenging activities [ 36 , 37 ]. Nonetheless, it is reported that the antiradical potential of natural products does not necessarily match the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) as measured by FRAP [ 38 ].…”

Tissue-Specific Profiling of Biflavonoids in Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)

“…The flavonoids in ginkgo are being researched by many scientists. However, most studies focus on monomeric flavonoids and biflavonoids are often neglected [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], e.g., in the review article by Liu et al [ 16 ], which focuses on the advances in chemical analysis and quality control of flavonoids in ginkgo, the presence of biflavonoids is hardly mentioned. To fill this gap in our knowledge of ginkgo flavonoids, the aim of the present study was to establish a tissue-specific profile of biflavonoids in ginkgo.…”

A Modification of the ABTS• Decolorization Method and an Insight into Its Mechanism

“…In mixtures of O-glucosylated flavonoids with Trolox or ascorbic acid, a negative non-additive effect (antagonism) was seen for quercetin and morin, while a synergistic interaction was found for rutin and naringin [48]. Synergistic and antagonistic interactions between components of Gingko biloba leaf extracts have been reported using the ABTS • reduction assay [49]. Thus, it cannot always be expected that ABTS • reduction by a summed compound will be equal to the sum of ABTS • reductions by individual compounds, and ABTS • reduction by a complex extract does not necessarily reflect the sum of the ABTS • -reducing abilities of its components.…”

“…Interactions between low-molecular antioxidants leading to subadditive behavior in antioxidant activity assays have been reported [47][48][49]. In this study, we checked the interactions between Trolox, ascorbate and hispidulin as model compounds by comparing ABTS • reduction by single antioxidants and their combination (slopes of the lines of concentration dependence of absorbance decrease or AUC).…”