Study on the backscattering disturbance in duplex underwater wireless optical communication systems

Han, Biao; Zhao, Wei; Meng, Jiacheng; Zheng, Yunqiang; Yang, Qian

doi:10.1364/ao.57.008478

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…(6), in which rands is a random number. And a, b, and c are the absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, and attenuation coefficient of water, respectively: 21 s=−1c ln(rands)=−1a+b ln(rands).…”

Section: Study On the Incident Angle Of Led Illuminant Noise Into Uwo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If z≤S and z≥0, the photon is absorbed or scattered in water. It is determined with the method of “Russian roulette.” 21 First, a threshold WH is defined as follows: WH=bc.…”

Section: Study On the Incident Angle Of Led Illuminant Noise Into Uwo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new direction cosine (μx,μy,μz) is shown in Eq. (9), where φ and θ are the azimuth and scattering angles, respectively: 21 μx=sin θ1−μz02false(μx0μz0 cos φ−μy0 sin φfalse)+μx0 cos θμy=sin θ1−μz02false(μy0μz0 cos φ+μx0 sin φfalse)+μy0 cos θμz=−sin θ cos …”

Section: Study On the Incident Angle Of Led Illuminant Noise Into Uwo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is determined with the method of "Russian roulette." 21 First, a threshold W H is defined as follows:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental demonstration of half-duplex underwater wireless optical communication when light emitting diode illumination noise exists

Han,

Li,

Huang

et al. 2023

Opt. Eng.

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Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is useful for transmitting data short distances in the ocean. In most cases, such devices are placed on underwater vehicles to make it easier to establish a communication link. However, the vehicle often works in dark water. Thus it needs a light emitting diode (LED) as an illuminant for its camera to observe the surroundings, but this is noise to the UWOC system. Although such noise could be eliminated by inserting an optical filter in the UWOC receiver, the effectiveness depends on the incident angle of light into the filter. Because the illumination distribution of LED is quite complicated, there are some special requirements for UWOC systems to eliminate such noise. First, we simulate the incident angle distribution of LED illumination noise into the receivers of a bidirectional UWOC system with the Monte Carlo method. Then we analyze its influence to design an UWOC system. The results show that the wavelength of UWOC should be shorter than that of the LED illuminant to make them work simultaneously. Under the condition that the noise can be eliminated effectively, the spectrum width of the communication signal and the optical filter should be wider to enlarge the receiving field. According to the theoretical conclusion, we experimentally demonstrate a halfduplex UWOC system with an LED illuminant in dark water, where the attenuation coefficient is about 0.20 m −1 . In the system, each terminal has a white LED illuminant with 6.01 W optical power, a blue LED illuminant with 7.72 W optical power, and a UWOC transmitter based on a purple LED with about 1.25 W optical power. The UWOC realized a 27.78 Mbps rate and 19 m distance when the illuminants were open. The proposed UWOC system and its design criteria are useful for UWOC applications.

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Section: Study On the Incident Angle Of Led Illuminant Noise Into Uwo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If z≤S and z≥0, the photon is absorbed or scattered in water. It is determined with the method of “Russian roulette.” 21 First, a threshold WH is defined as follows: WH=bc.…”

Section: Study On the Incident Angle Of Led Illuminant Noise Into Uwo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study On the Incident Angle Of Led Illuminant Noise Into Uwo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is determined with the method of "Russian roulette." 21 First, a threshold W H is defined as follows:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental demonstration of half-duplex underwater wireless optical communication when light emitting diode illumination noise exists

Han,

Li,

Huang

et al. 2023

Opt. Eng.

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…This self-interference phenomenon significantly reduces the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and is not conducive to longdistance link transmission. In [24], the backscattering disturbance in a duplex UWOC system was studied using a Monte Carlo model. If the transmitter and receiver in each terminal are close to each other, severe backscattering interference can occur.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Real-Time, Full-Duplex System for Underwater Wireless Optical Communication: Hardware Structure and Optical Link Model

Yang

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has been widely considered a supplement to traditional underwater acoustic communication. A real-time UWOC video delivery system was developed in a laboratory water tank based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with binary frequency shift keying (2FSK) modulation. The system achieved full-duplex communication by using the transmission control protocol (TCP) and forward error correction (FEC). A high-power 445 nm lightemitting diode (LED) array was adopted to enhance the transmitted optical power and increase the transmission link distance. We present an underwater optical channel model that considers the effects of both geometry and channel loss, especially considering the impact of the refractive index of the optical medium and the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) links formed by water surface reflection. MATLAB was used to simulate this channel model and predict the received optical power distribution on the receiving plane. Additionally, we propose improved calculation methods for the consumed electrical power and transmitted optical power of the LED array. We also investigate the relationship between the optimum avalanche gain of an avalanche photodiode (APD) and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This full-duplex system achieved a 1 Mbps data transmission rate at an SNR of 10.1 dB and a distance of 10 m for an underwater link. In addition, when the optical power of the LED array is enhanced, the link range is predicted to be 14.5 m with an attenuation coefficient of 0.056 /m. INDEX TERMS Binary frequency shift keying, full-duplex, FPGA, high-power LED array, optical link model, Reed-Solomon code, underwater wireless optical communication. I. INTRODUCTION The ocean is the cradle of life. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by the ocean. The vast marine resources on Earth are indispensable for many aspects of life. It is necessary to exploit and utilize those resources with underwater wireless communication (UWC) technology, which has considerable potential in facilitating the use of underwater vehicles, devices, observatories, and sensors. Underwater wired communication uses fiber optic or copper cable, which is expensive, inflexible, and vulnerable to marine life, making it largely infeasible for use in underwater mobile systems. Acoustic waves, radio frequency (RF) waves, and optical waves are three primary physical information carriers for underwater wireless information transmission [1]-[3]. Acoustic waves involve mechanical waves with relatively little attenuation underwater (0.1-4 dB/km), and thus, they can cover long distances up to dozens of kilometers. However, acoustic waves have a low propagation speed (1500 m/s) and limited bandwidth (kHz), which leads to a multipath phenomenon, large time latency, and bulky antennas [2]. These characteristics hinder the application of acoustic waves in real-time and bandwidth-intensive scenarios. RF waves are another carrier that can provide a high data rate (Mbps), high bandwidth (MHz), and high speed...

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100 m full-duplex underwater wireless optical communication based on blue and green lasers and high sensitivity detectors

Yang

Tong

Dai

et al. 2021

Optics Communications

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Study on the backscattering disturbance in duplex underwater wireless optical communication systems

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Experimental demonstration of half-duplex underwater wireless optical communication when light emitting diode illumination noise exists

Experimental demonstration of half-duplex underwater wireless optical communication when light emitting diode illumination noise exists

A Real-Time, Full-Duplex System for Underwater Wireless Optical Communication: Hardware Structure and Optical Link Model

100 m full-duplex underwater wireless optical communication based on blue and green lasers and high sensitivity detectors

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