Study on the behaviour of DS-Class inclusions in advanced bearing steel

Wu, Huajie; Li, Qiaoqi; Wei, Chongyi; Wang, Zhe

doi:10.1051/metal/2018096

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Metallurgists have conducted significant research on inclusion control in bearing steel [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. At present, there are two main methods for inclusion control in bearing steel, strong aluminium deoxidation [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], and weak siliconmanganese deoxidation [11,16,17]. In strong aluminium deoxidation, the total oxygen content in steel is low and the number of inclusions is small.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic model and mechanism of non-alloyed hydrogen deoxidation of GCr15 bearing steel

Lei

Zhu

Guo

et al. 2022

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new method of non-alloyed hydrogen deoxidation is proposed, and the hydrogen deoxidation of GCr15 is studied using thermodynamic modelling. Deoxidation by blowing hydrogen is dominated by hydrogen molecular, and the degree of deoxidation depends on p H2O p H2 , which is independent of [H]. Carbon and hydrogen will compete for deoxidation during the blowing of hydrogen. The deoxidation mode depends on the relationship between the actual p H2O p H2 and the critical p H2O p H2 . The system pressure has a great influence on the carbon / hydrogen deoxidation equilibrium. Under vacuum conditions, carbon has a stronger deoxidation ability than hydrogen. Finally, a new process for hydrogen deoxidation was proposed. In the later stage of converter smelting, hydrogen was blown to reduce the excess oxygen → tapping, and hydrogen was blown to alternate deoxidation of carbon and hydrogen → sufficient carbon powder was added into the ladle → RH treatment, and hydrogen was stopped to blown, and carbon deoxidation occurred.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic model and mechanism of non-alloyed hydrogen deoxidation of GCr15 bearing steel

Lei

Zhu

Guo

et al. 2022

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This method has the advantage of relatively complete observation of the appearance and size of the inclusion. In addition, the composition of the inclusion was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [11]. The disadvantage is that the dissolution takes a long time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Examination of the Inclusion and the Rotated Bending Fatigue Behavior of SAE52100

Shi

et al. 2021

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated the effect of maximum inclusion on the life of SAE52100 bearing steel processed by two different melting routes, vacuum induction melting plus electroslag remelting (VIM + ESR), and basic oxygen furnace plus ladle furnace plus vacuum degassing process (BOF + LF + RH) by the metallographic method, Aspex explorer, and rotated bending fatigue test. The rotated bending method was applied to examine the maximum inclusion size in a satisfactory manner, whereas both the metallographic method and Aspex explorer underestimated the result. Regardless of the characterization methods, the results show that the total number of inclusions in VIM + ESR melted steel is significantly higher than that in BOF + LF + RH processed steel, but the maximum inclusion size of VIM + ESR melted steel is significantly smaller than that of the BOF + LF + RH degassed steel. The distribution of the maximum inclusion size could be well fitted by the inverse Weibull distribution and could be well applied to reveal the different inclusion size distribution based on the data examined by the rotated bending fatigue method. Finally, a new equation was proposed to establish the relationship among the loading stress amplitude, rotated bending fatigue number, and the maximum inclusion size.

show abstract

“…Currently, research on DS-type inclusions has mainly focused on bearing steel. Wu et al [14] found two typical DS-type inclusions in the refining process for bearing steel. Type I was CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 uniformly distributed and wrapped by CaS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and Evolution of DS-Type Inclusions in 15-5PH Stainless Steel

Zhan

Zhang

et al. 2021

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

15-5PH stainless steel castings are key components in fracturing trucks. However, DS-type inclusions can lead to fatigue failure of the material. To elucidate the formation mechanism of large-size DS-type inclusions, the evolution, growth, and aggregation of inclusions during vacuum oxygen decarburization, ladle refining, and vacuum casting were studied. The results show that the DS-type inclusions with sizes larger than 20 μm were CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO–CaS composite inclusions. After Si–Al additions in vacuum degassing, typical inclusions were spinel or Al2O3. After Ca–Si additions during ladle treatment, typical inclusions were liquid or dual-phase Al2O3–CaO–SiO2–MgO. During the solidification process, due to the segregation of S and the decrease in solubility, the typical inclusions in the final casting became Al2O3–CaO–SiO2–MgO–CaS. For optimal fatigue performance of stainless steel castings, slag and refractory composition control were also necessary because the [Mg] contents mainly come from the slag and lining.

show abstract

Study on the behaviour of DS-Class inclusions in advanced bearing steel

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Thermodynamic model and mechanism of non-alloyed hydrogen deoxidation of GCr15 bearing steel

Thermodynamic model and mechanism of non-alloyed hydrogen deoxidation of GCr15 bearing steel

Quantitative Examination of the Inclusion and the Rotated Bending Fatigue Behavior of SAE52100

Formation and Evolution of DS-Type Inclusions in 15-5PH Stainless Steel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About