Study on the Chemical Profile of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) and the Evaluation of the Similarities and Differences between Different Cultivars

Abstract

Chrysanthemum originates in China and has been cultivated for tea and food utilizations over two thousand years. According to differences in origin and processing methods, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. can be categorized into many cultivars. This study aims to investigate the chemical components in chrysanthemum and clarify similarities and differences between different chrysanthemum varieties. A total of 55 non-volatile components and 66 volatile components in chrysanthemum were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methods, respectively. A rapid UPLC -MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 13 active components in 30 batches chrysanthemum samples of ten different cultivars. Multivariate statistical techniques were applied to analyze the samples. The result indicated that Boju, Huaiju and Chuju were more similar in terms of the ingredient content and Qiju, Jinsihuangju, Huangju, Hangju, Gongju, Fubaiju, Baiju have a high degree of similarity. Furthermore, isochlorogenic acid C, luteolin, apigenin-7-glucoside, chlorogenic acid, apigenin and cryptochlorogenic acid plays an important role in distinguishing different varieties of chrysanthemum. The established strategy explains the similarities and differences between different varieties of chrysanthemums to some extent, and provides certain reference value for the choice of chrysanthemums for eating or medicinal purposes in daily life.

Chemical Composition Analysis and Discrimination of Essential Oils of Artemisia Argyi Folium from Different Germplasm Resources Based on Electronic Nose and GC/MS Combined with Chemometrics

“…HCA is an unsupervised pattern recognition method based on a group of unclassified samples, and the tree diagram can directly show the similarity and difference of test samples [48] . The dendrogram of HCA was shown in Figure 7.…”

“…HCA is an unsupervised pattern recognition method based on a group of unclassified samples, and the tree diagram can directly show the similarity and difference of test samples. [48] The dendrogram of HCA was shown in Figure 7. It could be seen from the figure that the samples of A. argyi were divided into four categories by HCA, the first category was Tangyin, the second category was Linjiang, the third category was Quzhou, Heze, Quyang and Qichun, the fourth category was Shaoyang, Changzhi, Poyang and Chizhou.…”

Comparative Antioxidant Potentials and Quantitative Phenolic Compounds Profiles among the Flowers and Leaves from Various Chrysanthemum morifolium Cultivars

“…Though it is predominantly cultivated worldwide for ornamental purposes today [ 35 ], Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat is recognized as one of the most economically significant ‘food and drug dual-use’ plants globally and has been traditionally consumed for health and disease prevention [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. As people’s living standards continue to rise, and health awareness increases, dietary herbal medicines like C. morifolium are gaining greater importance in daily life [ 39 ]. Notably, C. morifolium is renowned for its traditional efficacies, including scattering cold, brightening eyes, reducing heat, and cleansing toxins, making it applicable for conditions such as swelling and pain of the eyes, common colds with the wind–heat pattern, and dim-sightedness [ 40 ].…”

Influence of Aspergillus parasiticus on aflatoxins production and quality change in Chrysanthemum morifolium at various storage conditions

“…Chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is not merely a worldwide renowned ornamental plant, but also a medicinal food in China for over 2000 years, particularly for tea and function foods utilisation (Gong et al ., 2019; Ouyang et al ., 2022). HBJ is one special variety of C. morifolium , which is cultivated in Zhejiang province and extensive used functional tea or CMMs in China (Li et al ., 2019a, 2019b; Gong et al ., 2021).…”