Study on the deviation and ratio of spatial arrangement patterns in housing and city development to achieve sustainable urban form in Indonesia: Introduction of observations and calculations by space syntax

Abstract

This paper aims to discuss and summarise research that has been conducted to provide an understanding of the development of spatial patterns of houses, housing, and the city master plan in Indonesia through the space syntax approach. The development of the house and the city essentially follows a basic pattern. This study provides an overview and understanding of the method of development of patterns by a study of deviations and ratios from an earlier pattern. Various approaches are taken to find the development of these structured patterns, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Data is collected using city master plans that are digitalised and analysed using Depth Map software. This study is a comprehensive study that has been carried out that supports sustainable urban forms. The study was conducted on Javanese houses, HBEs settlements, kampongs and three colonial cities in Indonesia. It found an understanding of the development of patterns, deviations, and similarities with previous spatial patterns. The results of this study are expected to guide housing designers, housing developers, urban planners and urban development policymakers to achieve a sustainable urban form.

The Pattern of Land Use Integration in Historic Areas in the CBD Zone:

“…The Space Syntax approach is usually implemented for building and city layouts. Space syntax encompasses a set of theories and analytical, quantitative, and descriptive tools for analysing spatial formations at different scales: cities, buildings, and interior spaces (Bonifacius, Tutuko et al, 2021;Boutabba and Farhi, 2011;Conroy-Dalton, Hölscher et al, 2005;Hillier, 2007). Space syntax also focuses on lines (e.g., streets, passages) and provides a valuable guide for evaluating a space layout (Batty, 2004).…”

“…Kanazawa and Melaka are known to have led to the development of culture and education in their respective countries. Previous research conducted using Justified Graphs to calculate Javanese house depth and colonial city patterns in Indonesia was the basis for developing this study (Bonifacius, Tutuko et al, 2021;Tutuko, Pindo, Bonifacius et al, 2021a;Tutuko, Pindo, Bonifacius et al, 2019;Tutuko, P and Shen, 2014). Significant similarities were found in the master plans of cities in Indonesia and parent cities.…”

“…Significant similarities were found in the master plans of cities in Indonesia and parent cities. From the point of view of the similarity ratio, the Depth and Connectivity are two attributes responsible for the similarity between Indonesian colonial cities and those in the Netherlands (though they are apparently physically different) because this study focused specifically on the Justified Graphs (Bonifacius, Tutuko et al, 2021;Tutuko, Pindo, Bonifacius et al, 2021a;Tutuko, Pindo, Bonifacius et al, 2019). Furthermore, to add to the knowledge of space syntax in developing urban patterns towards a sustainable urban form, a study was conducted on the land use zoning of a city with specific historical values.…”

“…These studies prove that cities with historical values tend to develop and maintain such values. Thus, land parcel regulations are an essential part for regional planners to limit land use and control city growth, one which addresses concerns about the historical value of the city (Bonifacius, Tutuko et al, 2021;Tutuko, Pindo, Bonifacius et al, 2021a;Tutuko, Pindo, Bonifacius et al, 2019). In addition, there are also several studies on historic colonial cities based on participatory, political, and economic approaches (Agrawal, 2010;Rodrí guez-Alegrí a, Millhauser et al, 2013;Yi and Ryu, 2015).…”

“…Previous studies have also shown that urban development often occurs in the central business district (CBD) zone because it concerns the mobility centre of the city's residents. Various studies have been carried out about urban patterns (Bonifacius, Tutuko et al, 2021;Tutuko, Pindo, Bonifacius et al, 2021b;Tutuko, Pindo, Bonifacius et al, 2019) using a comparison ratio between colonial Indonesia and the countries that colonised it. The depth approach in the Justified Graph is usually selected to determine the hierarchy of relationships in syntactic space.…”