Study on the Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation Coupled Variable Geometry Turbocharger and Fuel Quantity Control on Transient Performance of Turbocharged Diesel Engine

Gu, Wenyu; Su, Weifeng

doi:10.3390/en16166008

Energies

2023

DOI: 10.3390/en16166008

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Study on the Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation Coupled Variable Geometry Turbocharger and Fuel Quantity Control on Transient Performance of Turbocharged Diesel Engine

Wenyu Gu

Weifeng Su

Abstract: With increasingly stringent emissions regulations, there are growing demands for the transient performance of diesel engines. This study conducted a transient bench test on a two-stage turbocharged heavy-duty diesel engine to optimize its performance during a load increase (20% to 100% in 1 s) at a constant speed (1200 RPM) transient process. The results showed that the transient control scheme using the low-pressure EGR system resulted in a 42.1% reduction in the peak value of soot emission, a 24.8% decrease … Show more

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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The Impact of Water Injection and Hydrogen Fuel on Performance and Emissions in a Hydrogen/Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine

Sharkey,

Zare

2024

Energies

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As the need for alternative energy sources and reduced emissions grows, proven technologies are often sidelined in favour of emerging solutions that lack the infrastructure for mass adoption. This study explores a transitional approach by modifying existing compression ignition engines to run on a hydrogen/diesel mixture for performance improvement, utilising water injection to mitigate the drawbacks associated with hydrogen combustion. This approach can yield favourable results with current technology. In this modelling study, ten hydrogen energy ratios (0–90%) and nine water injection rates (0–700 mg/cycle) were tested in a turbocharged Cummins ISBe 220 31 six-cylinder diesel engine. An engine experiment was conducted to validate the model. Key performance indicators such as power, mechanical efficiency, thermal efficiency, indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were measured. Both water injection and hydrogen injection led to slight improvements in all performance metrics, except BSFC, due to hydrogen’s lower energy density. In terms of emissions, CO and CO2 levels significantly decreased as hydrogen content increased, with reductions of 94% and 96%, respectively, at 90% hydrogen compared to the baseline diesel. Water injection at peak rates further reduced CO emissions by approximately 40%, though it had minimal effect on CO2. As expected, NOx (which is a typical challenge with hydrogen combustion and also with diesel engines in general) increased with hydrogen fuelling, resulting in an approximately 70% increase in total NOx emissions over the range of 0–90% hydrogen energy. Similar increases were observed in NO and NO2, e.g., 90% and 57% increases with 90% hydrogen, respectively. However, water injection reduced NO and NO2 levels by up to 16% and 83%, respectively, resulting in a net decrease in NOX emissions in many combined cases, not only with hydrogen injection but also when compared to baseline diesel.

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The Impact of Water Injection and Hydrogen Fuel on Performance and Emissions in a Hydrogen/Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine

Sharkey,

Zare

2024

Energies

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Fuel Efficiency Evaluation of an Off-Road Diesel Engine with an EGR Pump and High-Efficiency Turbocharger across Various Drive Cycles

Willoughby,

Adekanbi,

Kakani

et al. 2024

Commercial Vehicles

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<div>As regulations become more stringent, engine manufacturers are adopting innovative technologies to reduce emissions while maintaining durability and reliability. One approach involves optimizing air handling systems. Eaton developed a 48 V electric exhaust gas recirculation pump (EGRP) to reduce NO<sub>x</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions while improving fuel efficiency when paired with a high-efficiency turbocharger.</div> <div>This study integrates an electric EGRP and a high-efficiency turbocharger onto a 13.6L John Deere off-road diesel engine to evaluate the impact on fuel efficiency and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions across various drive cycles including the nonroad transient cycle (NRTC), the low load application cycle (LLAC), the constant speed–load acceptance (CSLA) test, and the ramped modal cycle (RMC). The study highlights the benefits and limitations of the prototype EGRP on an off-road engine. Since the setup did not include aftertreatment systems, engine-out emissions were analyzed.</div> <div>Experiments were conducted at selected operating points to achieve optimal brake thermal efficiency while keeping BSNO<sub>x</sub> within 25% of baseline values. These results helped develop a calibration map for both transient and steady-state testing.</div> <div>For the CSLA tests, the time response to achieve 90% load was slower with the EGRP-equipped engine compared to the stock engine. Additionally, the NRTC, a regulatory cycle for the United States and the European Union, and the LLAC did not achieve the desired torque set points with the EGRP and high-efficiency turbocharger. The EGRP’s slower-than-desired response when it decelerates led to excess EGR flow, which affected the engine’s ability to produce torque. This was a key finding of the study.</div> <div>The measured engine speed and engine load with the EGRP engine configuration were utilized to develop a modified version of the NRTC and LLAC, referred to in this article as the modified NRTC and the modified LLAC. The modified NRTC and modified LLAC were run on the stock engine to accurately compare the performance of the stock hardware with the EGRP and high-efficiency turbocharger hardware for the same transient cycles, albeit cycles that are no longer specifically the regulatory NRTC and LLAC cycles. The intent of the modified LLAC and the modified NRTC is to show what the possible benefits of EGRP and high-efficiency turbocharging may likely be if the transient response shortcoming of the EGRP is addressed</div> <div>BSFC improved with the EGRP and high-efficiency turbocharger hardware for the modified NRTC, modified LLAC, and RMC. The modified NRTC showed a 1.3% improvement, the modified LLAC exhibited a 2.5% improvement, and the RMC demonstrated a 1.3% improvement. BSNO<sub>x</sub> increased by 12.9% for the modified NRTC, decreased by 11.1% for the modified LLAC, and increased by 2.8% for the RMC with the EGRP configuration. The BSPM increased by 34.2% for modified LLAC and improved by 33.1% for the modified NRTC.</div>

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Study on the Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation Coupled Variable Geometry Turbocharger and Fuel Quantity Control on Transient Performance of Turbocharged Diesel Engine

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

The Impact of Water Injection and Hydrogen Fuel on Performance and Emissions in a Hydrogen/Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine

The Impact of Water Injection and Hydrogen Fuel on Performance and Emissions in a Hydrogen/Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine

Fuel Efficiency Evaluation of an Off-Road Diesel Engine with an EGR Pump and High-Efficiency Turbocharger across Various Drive Cycles

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