“…In CS casting, various parameters such as superheat (pouring) temperature, length, angle, vibration, water-cooling, inclined plate and mold materials can affect the final microstructure 1,3,8 . The effect of such parameters on the microstructural characteristics of both A356 and A357 Al alloys was extensively studied 1,3,[8][9][10][11] . In contrast, there is a lack of investigations studying the effect of CS casting process parameters on other cast Al alloys such as A319 and A390 alloys 12,13 .…”