Study on the Feasibility of Bacterial Cellulose as Tissue Engineering Scaffold

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: As a kind of nanometer natural material, bacterial cellulose (BC) has been widely used in the field of food processing, paper making, pharmaceutical science, etc. In recent years, it is found that there is a good application potentiality of BC used in the medical science, especially in the field of regeneration medicine. There are some reports about BC being used in tissue engineering. It is of great necessity to investigate its tissue compatibility. In this research, the cell compatibility of BC was studied by using the method of cell-culturing combined with rat adipose- derived stem cells (ADSCs) as the seed cells. MATERIAL and METHODS: BC membranes were prepared by Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology. The average pore size and porosity of it were 0.8-3.5μm and 93％, respectively. The ADSCs were isolated from the fat pad located in pars inguinalis of 3-weeks Wistar rats by using type II collagenase and then cultured using DMED medium contained 10% new-born calf serum. The status of cell growth was observed everyday. The cell growth curve was determined by MTT method and stem cell phenotype was identified by flow cytometry. Cells in exponential phase of growth were planted on the surface of BC membrane which had been sterilized beforehand by steam at 121°C for 20 min at cell density of 3.0×105cells/mL. The cell-BC compound was cultured by using DMED medium contained 10% new-born calf serum. The growth status and the biological characterization of ADSCs cultured on the BC were determined at different culture time. RESULTS: Most ADSCs primary cultured in vitro showed fusiform shape when they were cultured for 72 hours. The amount of the cells increased along with the culture time and confluenced at 7 days. The exponential phase of growth of primary cultured ADSCs in vitro appeared when they were cultured for 3 to 9 days. The result of flow cytometry showed that ADSCs could express the stem cell symbol. The portait section of cell-BC compound were made after 10 days cultured in vitro. It was shown that ADSCs compact grew on the surface of BC. CONCLUSION: It is indicated that ADSCs grew on the BC membrane still retain the biological activity of stem cell and BC has good biocompatibility. It might be further studied for BC as tissue engineering scaffold.

Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites: Morphology and Mechanical Properties

“…In a comparison of the mechanical properties of the purified cellulose samples, hydrogels before drying (not dried) and dehydrated, significantly higher (49 ± 3.6%) deformability of the fresh hydrogels compared to 18.5 ± 08% for dehydrated samples was found, while Young's modulus in fresh samples was lower by at least two orders of magnitude (1.5 ± 0.3 vs. 250.4 ± 20.1 MPa). The found values for tensile strength and elastic modulus for wet fresh samples were comparable to those reported for the pig carotid artery (tensile strength 1.0 ± 0.2 MPa, Young's modulus 2.3 ± 0.1 MPa), which makes it possible in the future to consider it as a framework for tissue engineering [43].…”

Directing Chondrogenesis of Stem Cells with Specific Blends of Cellulose and Silk

“…Despite their abundance in nature, excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility [63][64][65][66][67][68] , the use of cellulose in tissue engineering applications has been limited in part due to the lack of an environmentally benign processing method. Our approach for using ionic liquids both as common, environmentally benign solvents to dissolve pure cellulose and for blending with silk may help overcome any reluctance to use these natural materials as scaffolds for chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells.…”

Cellulose-Based Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering Applications

“…Furthermore, their prepared BC/SF:50% scaffold led to improved biocompatibility and suitability to induce cell adhesion, in comparison with pure BC scaffolds. 115 The BC-Si formulations exhibited a defined, interconnected porous network, the best outcome and stability being provided by a 50% SF content, which shows a major increase in cell adhesion and higher rates of cellular viability, as compared to pure BC. The genotoxicity test revealed that the material is non-genotoxic, indicating safety for medical applications, especially in tissue regeneration.…”

“…Barud et al prepared non-genotoxic BC-silk fibroin (SF) porous scaffolds to be applied successfully and safely in tissue regeneration. 115 It was found that the pore sizes of a scaffold matrix affect the mechanism and the rate of cell adhesion, migration and proliferation, and influence directional growth of the tissue into the matrix. Furthermore, their prepared BC/SF:50% scaffold led to improved biocompatibility and suitability to induce cell adhesion, in comparison with pure BC scaffolds.…”