Study on the formation mechanism of asymmetric growth hillocks on pyramidal faces of KDP crystals

Abstract

The pyramidal face ({1 0 1} face) is one of the primary growth faces of KDP (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) crystal. The structure of growth hillocks grown on pyramidal faces has...

In situ Observation of the Growth of KDP Crystal (101) Faces Doped by Na3(PO3)3

“…The superheated solution was added to the crystal growth cell of the Michelson growth real-time measurement system , and kept at 0.5 °C above the saturation point. The cone-headed crystal with the size of 15 × 15 × 13 mm 3 , which was grown by a rapid growth technique, was hung inside the crystal growth cell. When the crystal remained still, an organic glass rod was used to stir the solution with a speed of 77 rpm in a reversible mode.…”

“…The crystals were grown at 1% supersaturation with different Na 3 (PO 3 ) 3 concentrations (0, 1, 3, and 5 ppm) using a rapid growth technique. , A series of crystals were also grown at varied supersaturations (2, 3, and 4%) when 5 ppm of Na 3 (PO 3 ) 3 was added to the solution.…”

Anisotropy of growth hillocks on KDP crystal (101) faces observed by in situ interferometry

“…The superheated solution was added to a crystal-growth cell and maintained at 0.5 °C above the saturation point. A cone-headed crystal of size 15 × 15 × 13 mm 3 (obtained using a rapid-growth technique 20,25 ) was added to the crystal-growth cell. When the crystal was motionless, an organic glass rod was used to stir the solution at 77 rpm in reversible mode.…”

“…39 The anisotropy of activation energy may be due to adjustment of H 2 PO 4 − orientation on three adjacent planes. 20 The anisotropy of activation energy leads to the anisotropy of the step moving rate. The anisotropic shape of growth hillocks was the result of the growth rate in horizontal and vertical directions.…”

“…[16][17][18] Land 19 used AFM to investigate the KDP (100) surface as it emerged from the dead zone and presented a simple physical model of this process. Xu et al 20 observed the surface structure of KDP crystals by AFM. AFM has a high vertical resolution and can provide detailed information on dislocations.…”