Study on the friction in steel/polyamide ball on disk type contacts

Response surface methodology based on polyamide incorporated with biolubricant for optimisation of operating parameters in heavy vehicles

“…If pure and filled polyamides have visco-elastic contact, COF is low as load increases. In the case of polyamide has visco-plastic contact, the COF increases as load increases (Kukureka et al, 1999;Lates et al, 2016;Osipenko et al, 1968;Srivastava and Pathak, 1996;Thorp, 1982) and the COF of pure and filled polyamides has increased as speed was increased owing to frictional heating. From Figure 4, as the load increased the COF was reduced, but the increase in sliding distance the increased COF due to order of the molecular length representing a weak control of molecular position during run (Ridzuan et al, 2011).…”

“…In the case of increasing sliding speed, the COF is high at low sliding distance owing to the order of the molecular length representing a weak manipulate of molecular position during the run and the COF is decreased at high sliding distance due to the order of the molecular length, indicating a strong influence of molecular alignment during the run (Kukureka et al, 1999;Lates et al, 2016;Ridzuan et al, 2011;Srinath and Gnanamoorthy, 2005;Thorp, 1982). From Figure 6, the wear was low due to the low adhesion interaction of pure and filled polyamide with metal surface when increases in load (Gorokhovsky, 1972;Kukureka et al, 1999;Lates et al, 2016;Rus et al, 2014;Sirenko and Kut'kov, 1971;Srinath and Gnanamoorthy, 2005;Thorp, 1982). In the case of pure and filled polyamides have visco-plastic contact, wear of polyamide rises as load increases (Osipenko et al, 1968) and the wear of polyamide increased as speed increased, owing to frictional degradation.…”

“…In the case of pure and filled polyamides have visco-plastic contact, wear of polyamide rises as load increases (Osipenko et al, 1968) and the wear of polyamide increased as speed increased, owing to frictional degradation. From Figure 7, the low load condition increases the wear, but increasing the load wear was decreased due to low friction degradation (Gorokhovsky, 1972;Lates et al, 2016;Sirenko and Kut'kov, 1971;Thorp, 1982) and low sliding distance wear was low, while increasing the sliding distance wear was high due to weak molecular alignment (Ridzuan et al, 2011;Srivastava and Pathak, 1996;Sivebaek et al, 2008). From Figure 8, wear of polyamide is low while varying the speed from low to high, and with increasing sliding speed, the wear is low.…”

“…From Figure 8, wear of polyamide is low while varying the speed from low to high, and with increasing sliding speed, the wear is low. This is owing to low adhesive interaction between surfaces and strong molecular alignment during run respectively (Kukureka et al, 1999;Lates et al, 2016;Srivastava and Pathak, 1996;Sivebaek et al, 2008;Thorp, 1982). Figure 5 Response surface plot for COF, speed and sliding distance of pure and filled polyamides without lubrication (see online version for colours)…”