Study on the Genetic Differentiation of Geographic Populations of Calliptamus italicus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Sino-Kazakh Border Areas Based on Mitochondrial COI and COII Genes

Abstract

Calliptamus italicus L. is an important pest on the desert and semidesert steppes along the Sino-Kazakh border. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of its continuous outbreaks, we studied 11 different geographic populations of C. italicus to determine: 1) the complete sequences of the entire mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) genes, and 2) performed genetic diversity, differentiation, gene flow, and molecular variation analyses. Of the 11 populations, the Yining County (YNX) population had the highest haplotype diversity and Pi values. There are significant differences in Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs (P < 0.05). The fixation index Fst values of the total C. italicus population were 0.03352, and its gene flow Nm values of the total C. italicus population were 15.32. Taken together, there were five main findings: 1) the current genetic differentiation of C. italicus arose within populations; 2) genetic exchange levels were high between geographical populations; 3) genetic variation level was low; 4) C. italicus populations likely expanded in recently, and 5) there was no significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance for any geographic population. Findings from this study indicate that frequent gene exchange between populations may enhance the adaptability of C. italicus along the Sino-Kazakh border, leading to frequent outbreaks.

Genetic diversity and differentiation of populations of Chlorops oryzae (Diptera, Chloropidae)

“…Fst values between C. oryzae populations ranged from − 0.0595 to 0.1174, and the Gst value was 0.0997, both of which are indicative of low genetic differentiation between populations. This suggests frequent gene flow between populations, which may increase the species' adaptability to environmental change [26]. Moreover, gene flow can not only demonstrate the probable genetic differentiation and genetic infiltration among populations, but also reduce the genetic differences among populations [27].…”

Ancestral Haplotype Retention and Population Expansion Determine the Complicated Population Genetic Structure of the Hilly Lineage of Neolucanus swinhoei Complex (Coleoptera, Lucanidae) on the Subtropical Taiwan Island

“…These mediators and their closely related haplotypes might have been ancestral haplotypes, though less genetic drift occurred in the two genes of N. swinhoei . However, in studies on population genetics, major haplotypes have often been recognized as ancestral haplotypes for the derived tip-extended ones [ 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Owing to the weak flying capability and two-week adult lifespan of N .…”

Genetic diversity and population structure ofLuffa acutangulaaccessions in a Thailand collection using SNP markers

“…AMOVA based on STRUCTURE clustering showed the 12.83% variation among subpopulations while negative AMOVA variance within subpopulations in STRUCTURE clustering (-10.59%) indicate the absence of genetic structure and emphasizes the nature of the outcrossing L. acutangula in which genes from different clusters can be more associated than genes from the very same cluster (Excoffier and Lischer 2009;Misra et al 2017) (Table 3). Phi statistics between STRUCTURE clusters (0.128) indicate a moderate degree of differentiation (Frankham et al 2002;Xu et al 2019).…”

“…Genetic differentiation of F ST lower than 0.05 was defined as low, F ST between 0.05 and 0.15 as moderate, F ST between 0.15 and 0.25 as high, and F ST greater than 0.25 as very high (Frankham et al 2002;Xu et al 2019).…”