Study on the<i> in vitro</i> effect of zearalenone and <i>α</i>‐zearalenol on boar sperm–zona pellucida interaction by hemizona assay application

Tsakmakidis, Ιoannis; Lymberopoulos, A. G.; Vainas, E.; Boscos, C.; Kyriakis, S. C.; Alexopoulos, C.

doi:10.1002/jat.1239

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Moreover, exposure to 1000 μg/l of ZEN had a positive effect on the rates of normal and polyspermic fertilization of oocytes. Our results contradict a previous study by Tsakmakidis et al [15], who reported a significant decrease in the number of tightly attached spermatozoa in an in vitro hemizona assay with ZEN-supplemented medium. They suggested that ZEN affects the sperm-zona interaction by reducing the ability of boar spermatozoa to bind to the zona pellucida.…”

contrasting

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exposure to Zearalenone on Porcine Oocytes and Sperm During Maturation and Fertilization In Vitro

Sambuu

Takagi

Namula

et al. 2011

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. The influence of acute exposure to zearalenone (ZEN) on porcine oocyte maturation, fertilization or sperm penetration ability during both in vitro maturation and fertilization was evaluated. First, oocytes were cultured in ZENcontaining (0−1000 μg/l) maturation medium and then fertilized. The oocytes maturing in vitro without ZEN were then fertilized in ZEN-containing fertilization medium. The maturation rates of oocytes and penetration ability of sperm decreased significantly in the presence of 1000 μg/l of ZEN. However, neither increases in the rates of degeneration and DNA fragmentation of oocytes nor reductions in normal and polyspermic fertilization were observed. ZEN did not affect the sperm penetration rates; however, 1000 μg/l ZEN had positive effects on normal and polyspermic fertilization rates. Therefore, it can be suggested that an acute exposure of porcine oocytes during maturation and of oocytes and sperm during fertilization to ZEN up to 1000 μg/l may not affect the fertility of the oocytes.Key words: Oocytes, Porcine, Sperm, Zearalenone (J. Reprod. Dev. 57: [547][548][549][550] 2011) earalenone (ZEN) is a nonsteroidal estrogen-like mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species on several grains. It is an estrogen receptor agonist; its distinct estrogenic and anabolic properties in several animal species exert detrimental effects on the reproductive system resulting in reproductive disorders in domestic animals, particularly in swine [1][2][3][4]. Although in vitro culture systems do not always provide accurate predictions of toxicity in animals, they can be used to assess risks and can help to define the mechanisms by which mycotoxins act on germ cells [5]. Several in vitro culture assays have been employed to determine the effect of ZEN and its metabolites on the reproductive organs of swine. Previous in vitro experiments revealed that exposure to these mycotoxins affects oocyte maturation, pronucleus formation and embryonic development [6,7], as well as viability, motility and acrosome reactions in sperm [8,9]. Nevertheless, the acute effects of exposure to ZEN during in vitro fertilization remain unknown. This study aimed to examine the effects of exposure to ZEN on porcine oocytes and sperm by using an in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) systems to assess the state of nuclear DNA damage and fertilization.As shown in Table 1, exposure to 1000 μg/l of ZEN had a negative effect on the meiotic competence of porcine oocytes (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences among the groups with respect to the percentages of oocytes showing degeneration and DNA damage. Exposure to 100 and 1000 μg/l of ZEN during maturation culture decreased the total rate of sperm penetration (P<0.05) compared with the control group, but did not influence the rates of normal or polyspermic fertilization of oocytes.As shown in Table 2, exposure to ZEN during IVF did not affect total rates of sperm penetration irrespective of the ZEN concentration. However, exposure to 1000 μg/l of...

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Exposure to Zearalenone on Porcine Oocytes and Sperm During Maturation and Fertilization In Vitro

Sambuu

Takagi

Namula

et al. 2011

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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“…Furthermore, in experiments 1 and 2, incubation time of 4 hours was selected because sperm in vitro evaluation assays (e.g. sperm capacitation and zona binding tests) use this extended time of incubation (Tsakmakidis et al 2007, Maravilla-Galvän et al 2009). However, a shorter incubation time of 30 min was used in experiment 3, since the most usual incubation time of in vitro capacitation and acrosome reaction protocols in pig studies is 15 -60 min (Burkin andMiller 2000, Holt et al 1997).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, in reproductive toxicological in vitro experiments, DMSO is added directly to raw diluted semen as chemical solvent aiming to mimic the in vivo effect of e.g. a toxin on sperm cells (Tsakmakidis et al 2007). Previous studies have shown that DMSO affects canine sperm motility (Songsasen et al 2002), as well as the acrosome reaction of sea urchin sperm (Mikami-Takei et al 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of common in vitro used chemicals' effect on motility and chromatin stability of boar spermatozoa

Tsakmakidis

Khalifa²,

Lymberopoulos

et al. 2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Chemicals such as heparin, calcium ionophore and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) have been used in sperm's function evaluation assays, since they are facilitating the sperm capacitation and the induction of acrosome reaction. Many researchers modified porcine in vitro protocols purposing the improvement and validation of in vitro assays. The modification of the above mentioned chemicals' concentration could have a detrimental effect on sperm characteristics, relative to normal sperm function and fertilizing ability. The present study aimed to investigate in vitro effect of various concentrations of, a) heparin (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 μg/ml), b) calcium ionophore A23187 (10, 20, 30 μΜ) and c) DMSO (1, 2, 3 % v/v), that have been used in sperm evaluation techniques, on chromatin instability and total motility of boar spermatozoa. Eight boars were used as semen donors, providing 20 ejaculates. Acridine orange test and subjective evaluation of semen by a microscope equipped with a heated plate were performed in order to evaluate chromatin integrity and motility, respectively. The results of this study showed that the addition of heparin, A23187 and DMSO at concentrations of 8 - 10 μ^πιΐ, 10 μΜ and 1%, respectively, can be used for in vitro handling of boar spermatozoa without reduction of their motility and chromatin quality.

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“…Another report, using a variation in dosage between 20-200 ppm fed to older boars during a period of eight weeks (Ruhr et al, 1983), reported the same parameters, a drop of libido and a decrease of testosterone. In recent research using extended boar semen with various doses of ZEA and alpha-zearalenol ranging between 40, 60 and 80 µg/ml, it was concluded that the concentrations used reduced the ability of the boar spermatozoa to bind to the zona pellucida (Tsakmakidis et al, 2007).…”

Section: Boarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of mycotoxins in pig reproduction: a review

Kanora¹,

Maes²

2009

Vet. Med.

101

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ABSTRACT:Mycotoxins are commonly present in feed for farm animals. Sows and gilts are highly susceptible to mycotoxins. This article presents a review describing the main mycotoxins encountered in pig feed which have a negative impact on sow fertility and reproduction. Consumption of feed that is contaminated with these mycotoxins may cause a variety of symptoms, depending on the type of mycotoxin, quantity and duration of exposure, as well as the health status and condition of the animal at the time of exposure. Two types of fungi are recognized, field fungi and storage fungi. Field fungi such as Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp. and Claviceps spp. may produce toxins that lead to disturbed reproductive performance. Storage fungi occur if the humidity during storage is too high. In daily practice, the symptoms related to mycotoxicosis can occur at toxin concentrations below the detection limit. Knowledge of the effects of mycotoxins is expanding rapidly. Mycotoxins may still be present in feedstuffs despite negative analytical findings and because of the presence of hot spots in feed and or feedstuffs. Clinical symptoms can be very pronounced, making the diagnosis for the practitioner quite easy but in many cases the symptoms are vague and not at all present at herd level on a regular basis. The practitioner is in the first line of raising awareness in all parties whenever the first indication exists of a possible mycotoxicosis problem causing reproductive failure in breeding pigs. The problems can be resolved only if all parties involved in pig herd health take the necessary preventive measures and actions. The main toxins causing reproductive failure discussed in this article are aflatoxins, ergot alkaloids, trichothecenes and zearalenone.

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Study on the in vitro effect of zearalenone and α‐zearalenol on boar sperm–zona pellucida interaction by hemizona assay application

Cited by 22 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of Exposure to Zearalenone on Porcine Oocytes and Sperm During Maturation and Fertilization In Vitro

Effects of Exposure to Zearalenone on Porcine Oocytes and Sperm During Maturation and Fertilization In Vitro

Evaluation of common in vitro used chemicals' effect on motility and chromatin stability of boar spermatozoa

The role of mycotoxins in pig reproduction: a review

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