Study on the impact behaviour of a new safety toe cap model made of ultra-high-strength steels

Costa, Sergio; Mendonça, João Pedro; Peixinho, Nuno

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2015.11.082

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In work [ 19 ], the authors present the results of a dynamic test of 1200M steel in the of strain rate range of 10 −3 –10 3 s −1 , which showed the negative strain rate sensitivity of the described steel grade. It is in contrast to other works [ 43 , 44 , 45 ], which reveal the positive strain rate sensitivity of the commercial martensitic steel.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Crash Response of Laser-Welded Energy Absorbers Made of Docol 1000DP and Docol 1200M Steels

2021

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The crushing response of a laser-welded square tube absorber made of two commercial steel grades, Docol 1000DP and Docol 1200M, is presented in the paper. Crush experiments are performed at two different loading conditions, namely, quasi-static loading at 0.5 mm/s deformation speed and impact loading at 25–28 m/s. A new approach has been proposed to study the square tube absorber under impact loading using a direct impact Hopkinson (DIH) method. To characterize the mechanical properties of the tested steels, tensile quasi-static and high strain rate testing are also performed with the use of specimens with a 7 mm gauge length. The applied strain rates are 10−3, 100, and above 103 s−1. The laser-welded joints are also characterized by microhardness test involving the base material, heat-affected zone, and fusion zone. The crashworthiness of model square tube absorbers is estimated based on the following parameters: absorbed energy, mean force, crushing force efficiency factor, and specific energy absorbed. It has been found that the square tube absorbers made of Docol 1200M steel show a higher potential in mechanical energy absorption capacity than Docol 1000DP absorber. Moreover, crushing tests prove that laser-welded joints in 0.6 mm sheets made of Docol 1000DP and Docol 1200M steels reveal high cracking toughness. In turn, strength testing at different strain rates confirms the higher strain rate sensitivity of Docol 1000DP steel than in the case of Docol 1200M steel as well as an increase in the high ductility properties of both steel grades under the high strain rate loading conditions.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Crash Response of Laser-Welded Energy Absorbers Made of Docol 1000DP and Docol 1200M Steels

2021

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“…Toecap after the first impact Toecap after the second impact Toecap after the third impact Toecap after the fourth impact Toecap after the fifth impact their thickness and geometry with the aim of improving mechanical strength [1,5,[18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Intact Toecapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the mechanical strength and protective properties of polycarbonate toecaps subjected to repeated impacts simulating workplace conditions

Kropidłowska

Irzmańska

Zgórniak

et al. 2020

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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The objective of this work was to examine the mechanical strength properties of polycarbonate toecaps designed for commercially available protective footwear, subjected to repeated impacts simulating workplace conditions. The effects of impacts on the toecaps were expressed as the height of toecap clearance, which has a direct bearing on the safe use of protective footwear. Changes in toecap geometry were evaluated using an originally developed methodology taking into consideration the requirements of Standard No. EN ISO 22568-2:2019. Additionally, external and internal sides of toecaps were scanned in three dimensions after each impact and reverse engineering was used to analyze deformations in toecap geometry by comparing the shape of the toecaps before and after impact. Three-dimensional scanning made it possible to measure the remaining safe distance for toes between the footwear sole and the impacted toecap surface, which is an indicator of the protective properties and safety of toecaps during use.

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“…An overshoe protector that comprises this toe cap alongside a cover made of aramid fabric and TPU resin was also presented, resulting in the creation of a 56% lighter solution than steel counterparts, that were approved in an impact test done with 100 J. Several studies are also reported in the field of metallic toe caps, where different grades of steel and geometries were tested, resulting in an up to 50% thickness and weight saving when compared to their initial designs [15,23,[27][28][29]. Although non-metallic solutions present promising results, a number of challenges remain related to material development, design optimization, and speed and ease of manufacturing, while keeping production cost comparable to current metallic solutions.…”

Section: Category Of Footwearmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Design optimization through computational modeling is reported for metallic [15,23,[27][28][29][30][31]] and non-metallic toe caps [19,21,25], resulting in a reduction of weight by 50% with thickness reduction compared to traditional solutions. Since the introduction of CAD/CAE tools, optimization of product design has been an ongoing pursuit.…”

Section: Category Of Footwearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Compressive and Impact Behavior of Plastic Safety Toe Caps through Computational Modelling

et al. 2021

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Toe caps are one of the most important components in safety footwear, but have a significant contribution to the weight of the shoe. Efforts have been made to replace steel toe caps by polymeric ones, since they are lighter, insulated and insensitive to magnetic fields. Nevertheless, polymeric solutions require larger volumes, which has a negative impact on the shoe’s aesthetics. Therefore, safety footwear manufacturers are pursuing the development of an easy, low-cost and reliable solution to optimize this component. In this work, a solid mechanics toolbox built in the open-source computational library, OpenFOAM®, was used to simulate two laboratory standard tests (15 kN compression and 200 J impact tests). To model the polymeric material behavior, a neo-Hookean hyper-elasto-plastic material law with J2 plastic criteria was employed. A commercially available plastic toe cap was characterized, and the collected data was used for assessment purposes. Close agreements, between experimental and simulated values, were achieved for both tests, with an approximate error of 5.4% and 6.8% for the displacement value in compression and impact test simulations, respectively. The results clearly demonstrate that the employed open-source finite volume computational models offer reliable results and can support the design of toe caps for the R&D footwear industry.

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Study on the impact behaviour of a new safety toe cap model made of ultra-high-strength steels

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Crash Response of Laser-Welded Energy Absorbers Made of Docol 1000DP and Docol 1200M Steels

Crash Response of Laser-Welded Energy Absorbers Made of Docol 1000DP and Docol 1200M Steels

Evaluation of the mechanical strength and protective properties of polycarbonate toecaps subjected to repeated impacts simulating workplace conditions

Assessing the Compressive and Impact Behavior of Plastic Safety Toe Caps through Computational Modelling

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