Study on the leaching of phthalates from polyethylene terephthalate bottles into mineral water

Keresztes, Szilvia; Tatár, Enikő; Czégény, Zsuzsanna; Záray, Gyula; Mihucz, Victor G.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.056

Cited by 166 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…When examining the levels of DEHP in the bottled water over time, some studies report increasing concentrations (Casajuana and Lacorte 2003;Guart et al 2014;Keresztes et al 2013;Leivadara et al 2008) and others report constant or even decreasing levels of DEHP (Al-Saleh et al 2011;Diana and Dimitra 2011;Guart et al 2014;Keresztes et al 2013). A decrease of DEHP concentration would mean that some kind of breakdown had occurred, which seems unlikely.…”

Section: Bottled Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Leaching of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from plastic containers and the question of human exposure

Erythropel

Marić

Nicell

et al. 2014

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

358

182

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer to render poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) soft and malleable. Plasticized PVC is used in hospital equipment, food wrapping, and numerous other commercial and industrial products. Unfortunately, plasticizers can migrate within the material and leach out of it over time, ending up in the environment and, frequently, the human body. DEHP has come under increased scrutiny as its breakdown products are believed to be endocrine disruptors and more toxic than DEHP itself. DEHP and its breakdown products have been identified as ubiquitous environmental contaminants, and daily human exposure is estimated to be in the microgram per kilogram level. The objective of this review is to summarize and comment on published sources of DEHP exposure and to give an overview of its environmental fate. Exposure through bottled water was examined specifically, as this concern is raised frequently, yet only little exposure to DEHP occurs through bottled water, and DEHP exposure is unlikely to stem from the packaging material itself. Packaged food was also examined and showed higher levels of DEHP contamination compared to bottled water. Exposure to DEHP also occurs in hospital environments, where DEHP leaches directly into liquids that passed through PVC/DEHP tubing and equipment. The latter exposure is at considerably higher levels compared to food and bottled water, specifically putting patients with chronic illnesses at risk. Overall, levels of DEHP in food and bottled water were below current tolerable daily intake (TDI) values. However, our understanding of the risks of DEHP exposure is still evolving. Given the prevalence of DEHP in our atmosphere and environment, and the uncertainty revolving around it, the precautionary principle would suggest its phaseout and replacement. Increased efforts to develop viable replacement compounds, which necessarily includes rigorous leaching, toxicity, and impact assessment studies, are needed before alternative plasticizers can be adopted as viable replacements.

show abstract

Section: Bottled Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A decrease of DEHP concentration would mean that some kind of breakdown had occurred, which seems unlikely. Even within individual studies, both increases and decreases of DEHP concentration have been reported over time (Guart et al 2014;Keresztes et al 2013).…”

Section: Bottled Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from plastic containers and the question of human exposure

Erythropel

Marić

Nicell

et al. 2014

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

358

182

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…≥10 and ≤3. DEP and DBP are usually degraded more than 20 % by hydrolysis under acidic and high temperature conditions (25). However, in the case of DEHP, the effect of hydrolysis is negligible due to spatial crowding around hydrolysis site.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Storage Time, Temperature and Type of Packaging on Release of Phthalate Ester into Packed Acidic Juice

Rastkari

Jeddi

Yunesian

et al. 2017

Food Technol. Biotechnol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryAcidic liquids such as verjuice, lemon juice and vinegar are frequently consumed in Iran. Different kinds of acidic liquids are packaged in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high--density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles. There is evidence indicating that phthalates can leach from PET and HDPE bottles into their contents. In this work the effect of storage time, temperature and bottle type on the migration of phthalates from packaging materials into acidic liquids is studied by analyzing the samples stored under different conditions, before storage and after 2, 4 and 6 months of storage. The determined mean phthalate concentrations in µg/L were: <0.04 to 0.501 in verjuice, <0.04 to 0.231 in lemon juice and <0.04 to 0.586 in vinegar. The highest concentrations of diethyl phthalate (DEP) and diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) were found in PET and HDPE bottles, respectively. Results of analyses before and after storage indicate that under some storage conditions, the concentrations of DEP, DEHP and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) increased in acidic liquids. The possible migration of phthalic acid esters from plastic packaging materials into the contents was indicated by the results of the present study.

show abstract

“…Single use plastic bottles are made of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), which make products softer and more flexible. Phthalates have been linked to cancer (Keresztes et al 2013). Single use bottles also contain antimony, this can cause negative health effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea when exposure exceeds the tolerability levels for relatively short periods (Rungchang et al 2013).…”

Section: Case 1 Water Bottlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular economy and Cradle to Cradle in educational practice

Kopnina

2018

Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article describes how Circular Economy (CE) and Cradle to Cradle (C2C) can be used in university teaching to address these frameworks' strengths and weaknesses in practice. The advantages of these frameworks for radical change are outlined, including their emphasis on upcycling rather than recycling (downcycling). This article discusses how students apply their understanding of transformative production frameworks to three case studies of products or materials. The student projects evaluating existing products in terms of their circularity value outline a number of practical as well as theoretical challenges. The case studies demonstrate that some products still have a long way to go to fully cycle materials within a closed system. Aside from illustrating the dangers of subversion of circular frameworks to the 'business-as-usual' scenarios, the assignments are instructive in showing how CE/C2C can be successfully taught. This article recommends pedagogical strategies involving both theory of sustainable production and sustainability and practical research into company's operations in order to develop the students' ability to meaningfully engage with CE/C2C models.

show abstract

Study on the leaching of phthalates from polyethylene terephthalate bottles into mineral water

Cited by 166 publications

References 31 publications

Leaching of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from plastic containers and the question of human exposure

Leaching of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from plastic containers and the question of human exposure

The Effect of Storage Time, Temperature and Type of Packaging on Release of Phthalate Ester into Packed Acidic Juice

Circular economy and Cradle to Cradle in educational practice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About