Study on the Mechanism of Targeted Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nano-Delivery Carriers in the Treatment of Hemangiomas

Abstract

Hemangiomas, also called infantile hemangiomas (IH), are the most common congenital benign vascular tumors in infants and young children. At present, there are many treatment methods for proliferative hemangiomas, which have different effects and lack predictability. Propranolol has gradually replaced glucocorticoids as the first-line treatment for infants and young children with hemangiomas. However, premature discontinuation is prone to relapse, and the efficacy and safety of medication need to be further studied and determined. The exact pathogenesis of hemangiomas is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles were used as drug delivery carriers, propranolol was encapsulated, and PLGA-propranolol (PLGA-PP) nanodelivery preparations were prepared and targeted. Anisotropy and pharmacokinetics were preliminary studied. At the same time, after the treatment of HemECs cells with PLGA-PP in gradient concentration in vitro, CCK-8 method was used to detect the cell proliferation, and Anyixin-V/PI double staining method was used to detect the apoptosis rate of cells. The effect of PLGA-PP nano-delivery vector on hemangioma was studied by western blot method to detect the expression level of Id-1 protein in HemECs. The results showed that after PLGA-PP treated HemECs for 24 h, PLGA-PP significantly inhibited HeECs proliferation and promoted their apoptosis, and the intracellular Id-1 protein expression was also reduced. Therefore, this study believes that the mechanism of PLGA-PP nano-targeted delivery preparations in the treatment of hemangiomas is achieved by down-regulating the Id-1 gene, thereby inhibiting the colonization of HemECs and promoting its apoptosis effect.

Recent Advances in Targeted Therapies for Infantile Hemangiomas

“…They can also prevent enzyme-induced degradation to enhance the clinical efficacy of drugs, improve drug permeability to vascular tumors, and prolong the retention time of drugs in the tumor. 42 In recent years, there have been increasing reports on the use of nucleic acid drugs for gene therapy in tumors. 57,58 However, nucleic acids need to enter cells to exert their therapeutic effects, and cell entry is challenging because nucleic acids are prone to degradation by nucleases during the delivery process, making it difficult to maintain a stable and intact structure before entering cells.…”

“…In addition, the experiment showed that the mechanism of PLGA-PP in the treatment of hemangioma involves the downregulation of the Id-1 gene, thereby inhibiting the colonization of HemECs and promoting its apoptosis effect. 42 To improve the transdermal delivery of propranolol hydrochloride (PRH), researchers loaded PRH into cubic liquid crystal nanoparticles (PRH-CNPs) with a cubic structure similar to the cell membrane. Compared to the PRH solution, PRH-CNPs showed significantly increased skin permeability and higher cytotoxicity against mouse hemangioendothelioma (EOMA) cells.…”

“…They can also prevent enzyme-induced degradation to enhance the clinical efficacy of drugs, improve drug permeability to vascular tumors, and prolong the retention time of drugs in the tumor. 42 …”

“…In addition, the experiment showed that the mechanism of PLGA-PP in the treatment of hemangioma involves the downregulation of the Id-1 gene, thereby inhibiting the colonization of HemECs and promoting its apoptosis effect. 42 …”