“…Clearly, though a similar violent exothermic reaction of metal fuel-Al and oxidizer-MnO 2 in the This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2023 fresh-Sl-Al/MnO 2 MIC chip (orange curve) or aged Sp-Al/MnO 2 MIC chip (red curve) was demonstrated by a rapid rise in heat ow as temperature increasing, indicating the excellent heatrelease capacity and thermal stability, and the small endothermic peak appeared at ∼660 °C in the respective curve due to the melting process of Al. 39,40 But unlike that, the exothermic peak became rather weak for the aged FSl-Al/MnO 2 MIC chip (blue curve) because of an almost negligible thermite reaction, demonstrating a much larger attenuation degree of exothermicity vs. that of the Sp-Al/MnO 2 MIC chip underwater by analyzing the relationship of output of heat with underwater aging time (Fig. S11 †).…”