Study on the Miscibility Behavior of Diesel–n-Butanol–Ethanol Blends and Fluorimetric Estimation of Diesel Fraction

Abstract

This study focuses on developing a convenient method for quantification of ethanol in diesel–ethanol blend and extends the miscibility of diesel–ethanol blends using n-butanol as a third fuel component. Mutual solubility of n-butanol with diesel and ethanol in all proportions makes it a potential fuel additive/cosolvent to overcome the solubility problem. The amount of additive required at different temperatures was evaluated with temperature dependent phase diagrams at temperatures ranging from 10 to 40 °C. Four calibration models were made for both diesel–ethanol and diesel–n-butanol–ethanol blends using a combination of total synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (TSFS) with two chemometric techniques, unfolded partial least square (unfolded PLS) and multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares (MCR–ALS). The root mean square error (RMSE) of calibration, prediction, and square of the correlation coefficient (R 2) were used to measure model performance in validation data set and reference data set. Prediction ability of both the models was tested by testing diesel–ethanol and diesel–n-butanol–ethanol blends of unknown concentrations. Error of prediction by both the models is found to be less than 2%. Thus, the calibration models for both blends are highly robust and capable of estimating ethanol concentration in diesel.

Derived Absorbance Spectral Parameter as a Tool for Sensitive Fluorescence Measurements of Optically Dense Systems

“…Often petrol is blended with ethanol to promote the use of biofuels. 13 In general there are five key fluorescence peaks commonly observed in fresh water aquatic samples. These have been classified as 14 peak A-humic-like (λ ex/em : 237−260/ 400−500 nm); peak C-humic-like (λ ex/em : 300−370/400−500 nm), peak B-tyrosine-like (λ ex/em : 225−237/309−321 nm, λ ex/em : 275/310); peak T1-tryptophan-like (λ ex/em : 275/340 nm); and peak T2-tryptophan-like (λ ex/em : 225−237/340−381 nm).…”

“…Two different kinds of optically dense systems, one is petrol–ethanol mixtures and the second is HA samples at different concentrations, were chosen for right-angle fluorescence measurements; the correspondence between D abs and F obs were analyzed. Often petrol is blended with ethanol to promote the use of biofuels . In general there are five key fluorescence peaks commonly observed in fresh water aquatic samples.…”

Insight into Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Unconventional Oil via Concentration-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy Coupled with Data Mining Techniques

“…In recent years, the continuous development and popularization of the powerful data analysis technology and effective applicable software provide both methodological and technical opportunities for solving the overlap problem of the fluorescence spectrum. Studies on the detection of PAHs by fluorescence spectroscopy show a rapid increase in both quantity and quality. − …”