“…For access reasons, cylindrical steel storage silos and tanks often require a structural cutout in the wall surface to provide an access port or door. These structures are thin shells and are very sensitive to failure by buckling, as extensively shown in the literature (among others, see, for example, Brunesi et al, 2015c;Catellani et al, 2004;Chen and Li, 1994;Chryssanthopoulos et al, 1998;Chryssanthopoulos and Poggi, 1995;Chryssanthopoulos and Spagnoli, 1997;Kim and Kim, 2002;Rotter, 1990Rotter, , 2004Rotter and Teng, 1989;Rotter and Zhang, 1990;Song et al, 2004;Teng et al, 2005;Teng and Rotter, 1992). It is necessary to stiffen the shell around the opening to permit the imposed forces to be carried past it, but even with this stiffening, the local stress condition adjacent to the opening is usually the most critical for the shell.…”