Study on the optimization and performance of GFC soil stabilizer based on response surface methodology in soft soil stabilization

Wang, Xiushan; Kim, Sunghyok; Wu, Yuepeng; Liu, Yu; Liu, Tianyun; Wang, Yiming

doi:10.1016/j.sandf.2023.101278

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Desulfurized gypsum (DG) is an industrial waste generated from smelters, large-scale enterprise boilers, and the desulfurization of flue gas in thermal power plants [28]. The output of DG in 2019 was approximately 130 million tons [29]. The main component of DG is CaSO 4 •2H 2 O, which also contains impurities such as CaCO 3 and CaSO 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under alkaline conditions, the dissolution of aluminum and silica mineral components can be activated and react with Ca(OH) 2 to generate C-S-H, which can reduce pores and increase the compressive strength and stiffness of soil [38]. Several studies have been conducted on the utilization of industrial solid waste as soil stabilizers [19,29,[39][40][41][42][43]. However, few studies investigated the action mechanisms of multiple industrial solid wastes as soil solidifiers, e.g., five different industrial solid wastes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergetic Mechanism of Multiple Industrial Solid Waste-Based Geopolymer Binder for Soil Stabilization: Optimization Using D-Optimal Mixture Design

Wang,

et al. 2024

Processes

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In order to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste and the road quality, a novel low-carbon and environmental friendly soil stabilizer is proposed. In this study, steel slag (SS), carbide slag (CS), blast furnace slag (BFS), fly ash (FA), and desulfurized gypsum (DG) were used as raw materials to develop a multiple industrial solid waste-based soil stabilizer (MSWSS). The optimal mix ratio of the raw materials determined by D-optimal design was as follows: 5% SS, 50% CS, 15% BFS, 15% DG, and 15% FA. The 7-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of MSWSS-stabilized soil was 1.7 MPa, which was 36% higher than stabilization with ordinary portland cement (OPC) and met the construction requirements of highways. After 7 days of curing, the UCS of MSWSS-stabilized soil was significantly higher than that in the OPC group. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that the prominent hydration products were ettringite (AFt) and C-S-H gel. The results showed that an amount of AFt and C-S-H were formed in the initial stage of curing, resulting in a rapid improvement in early UCS. As the curing proceeded, the content of AFt and C-S-H increased constantly and grew intertwined with each other, which lead to the denser microstructure of stabilized soil and better mechanical strength.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergetic Mechanism of Multiple Industrial Solid Waste-Based Geopolymer Binder for Soil Stabilization: Optimization Using D-Optimal Mixture Design

Wang,

et al. 2024

Processes

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“…It was found that the mortar samples with 20% ceramic powder and 15% limestone powder formed calcium aluminum silicate hydrate gel by consuming calcium hydroxide, resulting in improved strength and durability. Wang et al [ 14 ] used ground granulated blast furnace slag and desulfurization gypsum as the main material for soft soil solidification. Compared with cement-solidified soil, the new stabilizer can effectively improve the water stability and strength of the soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Performance and Solidification Mechanism of Multi-Source Solid-Waste-Based Soft Soil Solidification Materials

et al. 2023

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In this paper, ground granulated blast furnace slag, steel slag, red mud, waste ceramic powder, and desulfurization gypsum were used as raw materials to develop a kind of multi-source solid-waste-based soft soil solidification material. Three ratios and the strength activity index were used to determine the fractions of different solid wastes. The mineralogical and microstructural characterization was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry (TG&DSC) tests. The results showed that the unconfined compressive strength of the three types of soft soil increases with an increase in the content of the solidifying agent. The failure strain of the stabilized soil decreases from 1.0–1.3% to 0.75–1.0%, and the failure mode gradually changes from plastic failure to brittle failure. The optimum content of the solidifying agent was determined to be 17% (the lime saturation factor (KH), silica modulus (SM), and alumina modulus (IM) of the solidifying agent were set to 0.68, 1.74, and 1.70, respectively), and the unconfined compressive strength (28 d) of the solidified soil (sandy soil, silty clay, and organic clay) was 3.16 MPa, 2.05 MPa, 1.04 MPa, respectively. Both measurements can satisfy the technical requirements for a cement–soil mixing pile, suggesting the possibility of using various types of solid waste as a substitute for cement.

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“…Various chemical additions, including lime, cement, blast furnace slag, cement slag, coffee seed ash, agricultural waste ash, gypsum, fly ash, nano silica, silicate compounds, geopolymers, sulfonated oils, ammonium chloride, enzymes, potassium compounds, polymers, ammonium and potassium lignosulfonates, barium chloride, barium hydroxide, and bio-enzymes have been utilised to stabilise unstable soils for earthwork applications [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Soil stabilisation with chemical addition can be employed to strengthen soils with poor engineering qualities, and it can also be used for engineering purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous research works have evaluated the feasibility of stabilising black cotton soil (BCS) by mixing it with sawdust, a common and cheap substance. The liquid limit, differential free swell, and PI of BCS stabilised with 4% lime were the lowest possible values, while California bearing ratio (CBR) and the specific gravity were the highest possible values [14]. The utilisation of agricultural by-products like rice husk ash (RHA) in soil stabilisation is one of the most cost-effective and eco-friendly methods available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Research Trends in Engineered Soil Development through Stabilisation: Scientific Production and Thematic Breakthrough Analysis

Ravindran,

Bahrami,

Mahesh

et al. 2023

Buildings

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Soil, a naturally occurring resource, is increasingly used as a construction material. Stabilisation strengthens soil, which is weak as an engineering material. Stabilising soil changes its physical qualities, enhancing its strength. Soil stabilisation increases the shear strength and load-bearing capacity. Soil stabilisation refers to any endeavour to change natural soil for engineering purposes using physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological methods, or a mix of these. Strengthening road pavements includes improving the load-bearing capacity, tensile strength, and performance of unstable subsoils, sands, and waste materials. Due to market demands and scientific advances, the number of soil-stabilising additives has increased. These innovative stabilisers include reinforcing fibres, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and cross-linking water-based styrene acrylic polymers, which are geopolymers that boost the load-bearing capacity and tensile strength of soil. Many materials are being explored for soil stabilisation. In this article, the authors investigated the direction of soil stabilisation research. Scientometric analysis identifies stabilisation challenges and research trends in the field. This study analysed research patterns by countries, authors, institutions, keywords, and journals from 1959 to 2023; in 2021, 150 articles were published, which was the highest number in a year. Citations peaked at 3084 in 2022. With 253 publications and 3084 citations, India was the most productive country. Iran and France published the fewest, 34 and 33, respectively. The Islamic Azad University and the National Institute of Technology had the fewest published articles with 17 articles. This work can help track soil stabilisation research and will serve as an information document for future research.

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Study on the optimization and performance of GFC soil stabilizer based on response surface methodology in soft soil stabilization

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Synergetic Mechanism of Multiple Industrial Solid Waste-Based Geopolymer Binder for Soil Stabilization: Optimization Using D-Optimal Mixture Design

Synergetic Mechanism of Multiple Industrial Solid Waste-Based Geopolymer Binder for Soil Stabilization: Optimization Using D-Optimal Mixture Design

Study on the Performance and Solidification Mechanism of Multi-Source Solid-Waste-Based Soft Soil Solidification Materials

Global Research Trends in Engineered Soil Development through Stabilisation: Scientific Production and Thematic Breakthrough Analysis

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