Study on the post-partum disorders and their relationship with the reproductive performance in Iraqi cow-buffaloes

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of various postpartum disorders on subsequent reproductive performance in Iraqi cow buffaloes. The data were collected from 172 buffaloes within private dairy buffaloes herd. In this study, the diagnosis and treatment of the affected cases with postpartum disorders (Retained placenta, puerperal metritis, uterine prolapse and vaginal prolapse) contributed in the data collection based on the parity, calving time and reproductive parameters (days to first estrus, open days, service per conception, intervals between estrus and calving interval). Cow buffaloes were divided according to their postpartum disorders into 5 groups: first group (healthy), second group (retained placenta), third group (puerperal metritis), forth group (uterine prolapse) and fifth (vaginal prolapse). The results of this study showed that a total of 74.42% of the cow buffaloes had normal post-partum and open days 121.9 days with resumed ovarian cyclic activity within 77.41 days, increased incidence of G2, G3, G4 and G5 were 9.88, 6.97, 6.97, 5.23 and 3.48%, respectively. Open days were significantly longer in buffaloes in groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 compared to healthy group. In conclusions, early postpartum disorders manifested by increased days to first estrus, calving interval, days open and service per conception were longer than healthy cases in the Iraqi cow-buffaloes.

Detection of endometritis using uterine cytobrush and ultrasonography in mares

“…The percentage of neutrophils to endometrial epithelial cells 0.5% to 2.5% was used by some authors as an indicator of inflammation (10,11,16,17). Others count the number of neutrophils observed in several 1000x fields (11,12,18). The primary aim of the present study was to detect of the numbers of PMNs and lymphocytes percentage in the uterine smears by the locally manufactured uterine cytobrush instrument and echogenicity of the intrauterine fluid by Ultrasonography for diagnosis of endometritis in Mares.…”

“…Endometrial sample were collected at the studs' appearance immediately as the mares were behaviorally in estrus, the mare tail was wrapped with band, the vulva and perianal area were washed with a non-residual solution and cleaned three times with water to remove all external debris and dried by towel a paper (12). Cytobrush tool was locally manufactured from stainless steel plunger without a knob handle; (artificial insemination gun) and connected with new mascara brush, and then was covered with a thin sheath of aluminum (exterior tube).…”

“…The average number of PMNs / HPF (high power field) was quantified from at least ten fields in multiple areas of each smear. The degree of the inflammation was evaluated at high-power field 100x and graded (12) into: Normal (no PMNs to rare PMNs / HPF); Mild inflammation (1-2% PMNs / HPF); Moderate inflammation (3-5% PMNs / HPF); Severe inflammation (>5% PMNs / HPF. In addition, some cytobrush samples contained a moderate to high amounts of debris that is presumed to be cellular materials from broken cells, extracellular bacteria or dead sperms.…”

“…In addition, cytobrush has been recognized as less aggressive methods by which endometritis can be gauged. Endometrial cytology is used as a fast technique for detection of the degree of endometritis in the mare by calculation Polymorph nuclear cells PMNs (12).…”

“…Furthermore, various methods have been used to classify cytological grades; such as detection the number of PMNs as a percentage of all cells noticed in a smear and record actual numbers of cells show per microscopic field (13). The advantage of cytology is the ability to obtain results early with low cost and rapid availability of results, while bacteriological examination takes 2-3 days until to get the results (10,(12)(13)(14). There are several methods used to obtain samples form the uterus including cytology brushes and uterine lavage (15).…”