Study on the preparation and characteristics of the Li–Mn–Sb–O nanocomposite as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries

Abstract

Li-Mn-Sb-O composites (n Li : n Mn : n Sb ¼ 1.1 : 2 : 0.1) were synthesized via a ball milling technique and a solid state reaction method. The morphology, structure and electrochemical behavior were characterized by means of SEM, X-ray diffraction analysis and electrochemical charge-discharge tests. XRD analysis confirms that the as-prepared product is a complex composite of antimony-doped lithium manganese oxide and manganese-doped lithium antimony oxide. The composite calcinated at 750 C consists of spherical-like nanoparticles with particle size ranging from 20-100 nm. A reversible capacity of about 94 mA h g À1 remains after 40 cycles for the composite, when it is cycled at a voltage of 2.85-4.8 V. The rate performance and EIS results indicate that the capacity retention of the composite is superior to that of pure LiMn 2 O 4 .

Alginic acid-derived mesoporous carbon (Starbon®) as template and reducing agent for the hydrothermal synthesis of mesoporous LiMn2O4 grafted with carbonaceous species

“…This increase of cell parameter can be explained considering that at low calcination temperatures the manganese ions in LMO are more stable as Mn 4+ (0.054 nm), which is smaller than Mn 3+ (0.064 nm). 51,52 No other diffraction peaks characteristic of impurities such as aor b-MnO 2 (i.e., intense peak at 2q ¼ 28 for (310) or (110) plane of a or b-MnO 2 , respectively 53 ) are observed. The LMO crystallite size, estimated using the Scherrer equation, increase slightly with the calcination temperature ( Table 1).…”

Research progress on design strategies, synthesis and performance of LiMn2O4-based cathodes

“…In addition to doping with transition metal cations, the semiconductor elements Si, 109,110 and Sb, 111 and non-metal anions, including F À , 112,113 Cl À , 114 B 3À , 115 and PO 4 3À , 116,117 were embedded into LMO crystals to change their attributes. Zhao et al 109,110 researched low-level Si, Mg single and co-doping to improve the electrochemical performance of LMO cathode materials.…”

Suppression of magnetism and Seebeck effect in Na0.875CoO2 induced by SbCo dopants

“…Na x CoO 2 with higher Na concentration of x ≈ 0.8, as considered here, possesses excessively higher Seebeck coefficient [22] and exhibits complex Na ordering patterns [5], thus is both appealing and challenging compound to explore. Our choice of Sb dopant was motivated by the successful synthesis of Sbdoped layered metal oxide compounds such as LiMn 2 O 4 / LiSbO 3 [23], Na 3 Ni 2 SbO 6 [24] and Na 3-x Sn 2-x Sb x NaO 6 [25], all of which share considerable structural features with Na x CoO 2 . Furthermore, although the Sb-doped Na 1 CoO 2 , Na 0.75 CoO 2 and Na 0.5 CoO 2 compounds have been previously examined [26,27], Sb doping in Na 0.875 CoO 2, which is thermoelectrically more critical has not yet been explored in details.…”