Study On The Prevalence Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Hiv Positive Attending Hiv Clinics In Eastern Nepal

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. More than 2 billion people are infected with TB bacilli worldwide. It is a leading public health problem particularly in the developing countries. The HIV epidemic has increased the global tuberculosis burden. TB is the commonest opportunistic infection and leading cause of mortality of People living with HIV (PLHA). Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in Nepal. The objective of the study is to determine prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among HIV positives attending HIV clinics in Eastern Nepal, and to assess the socio-demographic factors associated with TB and HIV/AIDS. Methodology: Cross-sectional prospective study was carried out among HIV positive attending different VCT and HIV clinics from Sunsari Morang and Jhapa district of Eastern Nepal. Face to face interview was performed and sputum sample were collected using convenience sampling technique. Data was collected from PLHA on related information on Socio-demographic profi le, risk taking behavior with the help of pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Univariate and bivariate analysis were performed using SPSS 15.0. Chi-squire test was performed to establish statistical signifi cance between dependent and independent variables. Results: Out of total 242 PLHA, 75.2% were males and 24.8% females; around half of them (48.8%) were in the age group of (30-39) yrs, 23% in (25-29) yrs, and 15.7% in (20-24) years. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was found to be 27.3% (n=66). PTB was high among IDU’s (48.6%), followed by clients of CSWs (21%), housewife (13.6%), highway truck drivers (10.6%) and CSWs (6%). Conclusion: Prevalence of PTB is very high among PLHA attending VCT & HIV clinics of Eastern Nepal. This study reveals that PTB is signifi cantly associated with increasing age, risk taking behavior and place of residence. There is urgent need of active case fi nding as well as periodic screening among people living with HIV/AIDS of this region to address HIV-associated TB morbidity and mortality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v8i1.5885 SAARCTB 2011; 8(1): 1-8

Prevalence and determinants of Tuberculosis among HIV infected patients in south Ethiopia

“…This finding was in line with studies conducted in India (17%), Nigeria (16.8%, 14.4%, 9.6% [1][2][3][4]. However, relatively higher prevalence has been reported from Nepal (27.3%) and Nigeria (22.7%) [5,6], and lower results were reported from Northern Tanzania (8.3%) [7]. Slight variation on the magnitude of tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients may be due to differences of HIV infection rate in the population, TB-diagnostic facilities available, health care awareness of the community to seek health care for both TB and HIV.…”

Prevalence Of Tuberculosis Among Hiv Positive Patients Attending Ictc In A Tertiary Care Institute In Ahmadabad, A Western City Of India

“…Yadav DK et al revealed that majority of HIV positive subjects are in the age group of 30-39 years (48.8%). 33 Our study shows that maximum number (40.90%) of TB-HIV co-infected positive patients were from 25 to 34 years of age group. After that 36.36% of patients were from age group of 35 to 49 years.…”

“…32 Yadav DK et al showed the proportion of females amongst the HIV positives of 24.8%. 33 Our study reveal that maximum number of HIV positive patients 69(41.32%) were from 25 to 34 years of age. Yadav DK et al revealed that majority of HIV positive subjects are in the age group of 30-39 years (48.8%).…”

“…34 Yadav DK et al revealed that 60% of TB/HIV co-infected belonged to the age group (31-40) years, while 35.7% of subjects was belonged to age group (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) years. 33 Mansoori D et al revealed that 64% of TB/ HIV infected patients were 20-40 years old and 36% were 41 years old or more. It is possible that some under diagnosis, especially of extra-pulmonary TB as well as sub clinical infections did occurred, as our diagnostic methods were restricted to sputum smears, radiographs, clinical judgment and routine laboratory tests.…”

Awareness regarding pulmonary tuberculosis among the middle aged adults of the selected community

“…3 According to South Asian Association For Regional Co-orporation (SAARC) Tuberculosis and HIV/ AIDS centre, in the year 2011, the prevalence of TB was 352 per lakh in Afghanistan, 411 per lakh in Bangladesh, 177 per lakh in Bhutan, 249 per lakh in India, 33 per lakh in Maldives, 238 per lakh in Nepal, 350 per lakh in Pakistan and 101 per lakh in Srilanka. 4 TB is a major public health problem in Nepal. Despite the remarkable progress made by National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) since 2006, the disease still remains a threat in Nepal.…”