Study on the reduction roasting of spent LiNixCoyMnzO2 lithium-ion battery cathode materials

Liu, Pengcheng; Xiao, Li; Tang, Yiwei; Chen, Yifeng; Ye, Longgang; Zhu, Yirong

doi:10.1007/s10973-018-7732-7

Cited by 134 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These test results indicate that the predicted effects are relatively stable. The comparison of the detection accuracy between the detection model constructed by the lattice of FDFA and other detection methods [14], [25]- [33] in the consumption tracking of battery power for resources is shown in Figure 11.…”

Section: Applications Of Detection Model By Fdfamentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of an Energy Saving Model Based on FA and Its Applications for Detection of Battery Power Consumption

Wen

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Although some algebraic theories such as partial order set, lattice and their properties on fuzzy set had been studied, these algebraic theories on fuzzy automata (FA) have not been discussed at present. For saving the energy of the battery so as to make it play the best performance, this paper proposes first an algebraic system on a finite-state deterministic fuzzy automaton (FDFA), including the partial order set, lattice and its properties. Second, this paper constructs a detection model system to monitor the consumption of battery power, and the detection model consists of four parts, as well as including supervision function network and decision-making process. Third, this paper gives the whole dynamic process of consumption and consumption rate of battery power, as well as discusses the comparison of the detection accuracy of between the detection model and other detection methods in the battery power consumption by simulation. Through the homomorphism and the isomorphic mapping of the lattice, the partial state of the FDFA is studied to realize the function of the whole state. These research results will provide a theoretical reference, system modeling and application background for many departments such as control, detection, tracking, identification and so on. INDEX TERMS FDFA partial order set, FDFA lattice, detection model, homomorphism, isomorphism of lattice.

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Section: Applications Of Detection Model By Fdfamentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of an Energy Saving Model Based on FA and Its Applications for Detection of Battery Power Consumption

Wen

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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“…LIBs are typically used as power supplies since the advantages of high energy density and low self-discharge rate are obvious (Gao et al, 2018). However, the service life of LIB is limited, and statistics shows that there will be 500,000 tons of spent LIBs by 2020 (Liu et al, 2019, Golmohammadzadeh et al, 2018. With the continuous development of technology and industrial economy, the demand of metals increases dramatically (Afum et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liu et al mixed the spent NCM(LiNixCoyMnzO2) with coke for vacuum pyrolysis, followed by water leaching and sulfuric acid leaching. Under the conditions of calcination temperature of 650 ℃, coke content of 10% , and calcination time of 30 min, the leaching efficiencies of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn were 93.67%, 93.33%, 98.08% and 98.68%, respectively (Liu et al, 2019). Zhang et al conducted the leaching of treated spent NCM, which was thermally reduced by lignite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of leaching efficiency of cathode material of spent LiNixCoyMnzO2 lithium-ion battery by the in-situ thermal reduction

Lu¹,

Jiang²,

Xie³

et al. 2021

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

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Green cars and electronic products consume lots of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and massive spent LIBs are yielded due to performance degradation. This paper provides an economical and environmentally friendly approach to recover valuable metals from cathode materials of the spent LIBs. It combines the in-situ thermal reduction (self-reduction by polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and residual electrolyte in cathode material) and sulfuric acid leaching. Elements of high valent are reduced by the binder (PVDF) and the residual electrolyte on the surface of NCM(LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2) material at high temperatures. Moreover, the changes in substance type, element valency, and contents of cathode materials reduced with various terminal temperatures and retention time are analyzed by Xray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results show that the optimal terminal temperature for in-situ thermal reduction is 600 °C, and the optimum retention time is 120 min. Under the best in-situ thermal reduction conditions, the results from XRD confirm that part of Ni 2+ is converted to simple substance Ni, Co 3+ is reduced to Co, and Mn 4+ is reduced to Mn 2+ and elemental Mn, which are confirmed by XRD. Analyzed results by XPS indicate that the content of Ni 2+ decreases to 67.05%, and Co 3+ is completely reduced to Co. Mn 4+ is reduced to 91.41% of Mn 2+ and 8.59% of simple substance Mn. In-situ thermal reduction benefits the leaching processes of cathode materials. The leaching efficiencies of Ni, Co, and Mn increase from 53.39%, 51.95%, and 0.71% to 99.04%, 96.98%, and 97.52%, respectively.

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“…Consequently, lithium recovery processes have been proposed in recent years. For example, the Li 2 CO 3 has been previously studied by means of carbon reduction of the cathode active material and water leaching of the calcined materials [34]. However, contamination by the fluorine derived from lithium hexafluorophosphate and polyvinylidene difluoride may prevent the attaining a Li 2 CO 3 purity of 99%, which is the minimum purity required for industrial use [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the increasing use of LIBs, it is essential for a recycling society to utilize a metal recovery strategy that includes simple, high-throughput processing that is safe and carries a low environmental burden. It is also important to resolve problems related to the treatment of halogens included in the recovered materials, by exploring processes at lower temperatures than those previously reported, in order to reduce energy consumption [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovering Lithium from the Cathode Active Material in Lithium-Ion Batteries via Thermal Decomposition

Kuzuhara

Ota

Tsugita

et al. 2020

Metals

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In this study, calcination tests were performed on a mixed sample of lithium cobalt oxide and activated carbon at 300–1000 C under an argon atmosphere. The tests were conducted to discover an effective method for recovering lithium and cobalt from the cathode active material used in lithium-ion batteries. Additionally, the effect of soluble fluorine on the purification of lithium carbonate was investigated by the addition of lithium fluoride to an aqueous lithium hydroxide solution and a CO2 flow test was performed. The lithium recovery was ≥90% when the calcination occurred at temperatures of 500–600 C. However, the percent recovery decreased at temperatures ≥700 C. It was demonstrated that in order to increase the recovery while maintaining 99% purity of lithium carbonate in the recovered material, it was imperative to increase the temperature of the solution and to limit the F/Li ratio (mass%/mass%) in the solution to a value that did not exceed 0.05.

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Study on the reduction roasting of spent LiNixCoyMnzO2 lithium-ion battery cathode materials

Cited by 134 publications

References 47 publications

Construction of an Energy Saving Model Based on FA and Its Applications for Detection of Battery Power Consumption

Construction of an Energy Saving Model Based on FA and Its Applications for Detection of Battery Power Consumption

Improvement of leaching efficiency of cathode material of spent LiNixCoyMnzO2 lithium-ion battery by the in-situ thermal reduction

Recovering Lithium from the Cathode Active Material in Lithium-Ion Batteries via Thermal Decomposition

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