Study on the synergistic extraction of vanadium by mixtures of acidic organophosphorus extractants and primary amine N1923

Statistical Optimization of Lactic Acid Extraction Using Green Solvent and Mixed Extractants (TOA and TOMAC)

“…The value of Gibbs free energy for the mixed extractants system (TOA+TOMAC) is negative which indicates the feasibility of the extraction process and also tells about the spontaneity of the extraction reaction. The negative value of entropy confirms that the nature/state of the molecules within the system is more and more ordered during the extraction process [45,46].…”

“…By keeping all other process parameters constant, the effect of temperature on the LA extraction using the synergistic effect of the mixed extractants (TOA and TOMAC) has been studied from 293.15 to 313.15 K in a temperature-controlled shaker. The following thermodynamic properties (change in enthalpy (∆H), entropy (∆S), and Gibbs free energy (∆G)) have been calculated by using the following equations [45,46].…”

Effect of the Addition of Amine in Organophosphorus Compounds on Molecular Structuration of Ionic Liquids–Application to Solvent Extraction

“…Synergistic effects were also reported by mixing amine and organophosphorus acid [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. For instance, Liu et al [10] showed synergistic extraction of rare-earth elements (REE) by mixing organophosphorus compounds such as Cyanex 272 (bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid), PC88A (2-ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid) or D2EHPA (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid) with Alamine 336 (a blend of octyl and decyl tertiary amines).…”

Investigation of intermolecular interactions of mixed extractants of quaternary phosphonium or ammonium chlorides and bis(2,4,4-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid for metal separation

“…Organophosphorus acids (Cyanex 272, D2EHPA, HEHEHP) exhibit greatly synergistic effects for vanadium extraction aer mixing with primary amine N1923. 9 For the Cyanex 272/Alamine 336 combination, both synergistic and antagonistic effects were found for the extraction of uranium(VI) and iron(III) in mixed sulfate/chloride media, respectively, thereby presenting an excellent selectivity of uranium over iron. 10 For the recovery of spent lithium-ion battery, although an antagonistic effect was observed for both Co and Mn extraction with the mixed extractant of Versatic 10/ D2EHPA, the separation factor of Mn over Co can be enhanced from 14.3 to 33.97.…”