Study on the Synthesis of Castor Oil-Based Plasticizer and the Properties of Plasticized Nitrile Rubber

Fu, Qinghe; Tan, Junjun; Wang, Fang; Zhu, Xinbao

doi:10.3390/polym12112584

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…An improved thermal stability of the NBR vulcanizate with 4 phr SBOFA is clearly seen compared to that with no SBOFA, as also evident from the higher temperature of T 10% , T 50% , and T 90% . The higher thermal stability was possibly due to the interaction between the SBOFA and NBR [ 40 ]. Furthermore, it was observed in the temperature range of 500–800 °C the weight loss of the NBR with 4 phr SBOFA was gradually close to a straight line with the 6% of remaining weight, whereas that of the NBR without SBOFA further increased [ 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher thermal stability was possibly due to the interaction between the SBOFA and NBR [ 40 ]. Furthermore, it was observed in the temperature range of 500–800 °C the weight loss of the NBR with 4 phr SBOFA was gradually close to a straight line with the 6% of remaining weight, whereas that of the NBR without SBOFA further increased [ 40 ]. This may be due to the SBOFA molecules acting as a protective barrier, which deterred the release of volatile degradation products out from the sample and suppressed the thermal degradation [ 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a Natural Processing Aid on the Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber: Study on Soybean Oil Fatty Acid from Seed Crop

2021

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For the industrial production of rubber, one of the key ingredients is a processing aid. It not only facilitates the processability but also tunes the final properties of the resultant rubber. In general, for a polar rubber like acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), the processing aids earning the most attention are synthesized from petroleum, such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP). However, due to their toxicity, many rubber chemists have tried to find alternative chemicals that are environmentally friendly and derived from a renewable resource. In this research, we investigated the effects of the soybean oil fatty acid (SBOFA), synthesized in house via hydrolysis of SBO, on the properties of NBR in comparison with DOP. Initially, it was found that the addition of SBOFA improved the flowability of the NBR compound, as indicated by the progressive decrease in the Mooney viscosity with increasing levels of SBOFA. The results from various techniques indicated that the crosslink density of the NBR vulcanizates passed through the maximum at the SBOFA loading of 4 phr. Upon loading SBOFA up to 4 phr, there was no significant deterioration in the mechanical strength of the SBOFA-plasticized NBR vulcanizates. Typically, the presence of SBOFA at 4 phr enhanced the thermal resistance of the NBR vulcanizate by shifting the thermal decomposition to a higher temperature. At a given loading, it was found that the SBOFA-plasticized NBR vulcanizate showed a comparable plasticizing efficiency and mechanical strength with the DOP-plasticized one. The result from this study shows that SBOFA is a good alternative sustainable eco-friendly processing aid to use for NBR.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Natural Processing Aid on the Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber: Study on Soybean Oil Fatty Acid from Seed Crop

2021

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“…They concluded that using the epoxy acetylated CO and epoxy benzoyl CO imparted the resulting NBR with better physico-mechanical and aging resistance properties than that with DOP. [13] Based on the previous results that showed that the modification of CO surface is a necessary step for producing rubber composite with superior physicomechanical properties, [15,16] we herein performed a modification to the CO but with gallic acid (GA) via an esterification reaction. GA, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, is a naturally occurring antioxidant found in a variety of vegetables and fruits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallate ester of castor oil as a multifunctional additive in HAF carbon black–filled natural rubber composites

Kandil

Samy

El‐Nashar

2021

Vinyl Additive Technology

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A multifunctional additive based on castor oil (gallate ester of castor oil [GECO]) for rubber composites was synthesized via esterification between castor oil (CO) and gallic acid (GA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the GECO. GECO was applied at different loadings (1, 2, and 4 phr) in high abrasion furnace (HAF) carbon black–filled natural rubber (NR) composite to study its effect on the curing, swelling, mechanical, and aging properties of the resulting composite. It was found that the use of GECO accelerated the curing process effectively and endowed the resulting composites with significantly better antiaging properties than the control composite containing the traditional antioxidant, N‐isopropyl‐N′‐phenyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine (IPPD). Additionally, it was found that the use of 1 phr of GECO enhanced the swelling and mechanical properties of the resulting composite, and after this level, a slight decrease in the properties was observed. Scanning electron microscopy results confirmed that the use of 1 phr of GECO caused a better dispersion of HAF within the NR matrix which resulted in an enhancement in the HAF reinforcement.

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“…12,13 These characteristics make it a promising raw material for polymer additives, especially in PLA. Studies show the applicability of CO as a plasticizer, 14,15 lubricant, 16 and biofuel. 17 The wide application of CO is attributed to its chemical reactivity, being susceptible to various chemical modifications, 11,13 such as hydrogenation, transesterification, and epoxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation kinetics of PLA compounds with castor oil

Dantas,

Araújo,

Nicácio

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) compounds with castor oil (CO) and epoxidized castor oil (ECO) were produced via formic acid, with levels of 5% CO, 3 and 5% ECO. The contribution of this study lies in the detailed analysis of thermal degradation and degradation kinetics of PLA/CO and PLA/ECO. Chemical changes were evidenced by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal stability, and degradation kinetics were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), using Friedman (FR), Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW), Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Vyazovkin (VZ) models. Results showed changes in FTIR spectra for PLA/CO and PLA/ECO. For PLA/5%CO and PLA/3%ECO, lower energy bonds formation were observed, resulting in modifications in the involved molecules and presence of CH type bonds in PLA/5%ECO. TGA analysis showed that PLA presented greater thermal stability compared with PLA/CO and PLA/ECO, with T5% = 306°C. The compounds 5% CO, 3 and 5% ECO exhibited lower degradation temperatures (298, 300, and 296°C), compared with PLA, as well as slower decomposition rates. Kinetic modeling using KAS and OFW models proved to be incapable of describing the degradation kinetics of PLA and its compounds. However, FR and VZ were considered adequate, with discrepancies varying between 7% to −4% and 9% to −3%, which showed higher (215, 185, 210, 189 KJ/mol) at α = 0.3 for PLA.

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Study on the Synthesis of Castor Oil-Based Plasticizer and the Properties of Plasticized Nitrile Rubber

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of a Natural Processing Aid on the Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber: Study on Soybean Oil Fatty Acid from Seed Crop

Effect of a Natural Processing Aid on the Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber: Study on Soybean Oil Fatty Acid from Seed Crop

Gallate ester of castor oil as a multifunctional additive in HAF carbon black–filled natural rubber composites

Degradation kinetics of PLA compounds with castor oil

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