Study on Wastewater Treatment in the Textile Industry by Adsorption of Reactive Red 141 Dye Using a Phosphogypsum/Vanadium Composite Developed from Phosphate Industry Waste

Abstract

Water purification has become a global concern in recent decades because of declining water supplies and rising water pollution by industrialization and urbanization (Liang et al., 2019;Lin et al., 2022;Morin-Crini et al., 2022). Various industrial byproducts, including metals, lubricants, chemicals, dyes, and others, are examples of water pollutants (Ahmed et al., 2021;Ajiboye et al., 2021). Water contamination is mostly caused by dye leakage, which is mostly produced by the food, paper, textile, and printing sectors (Liu, 2020;Sharma et al., 2021;Singh et al., 2022).Most commercial organic dyes fall under the group of azo dyes, which is why they are especially concerning (Bafana et al., 2011;Eltaboni et al., 2022;Hashemi and Kaykhaii, 2022). About 700,000 tons of azo dyes are produced annually worldwide. 70% globally are used, for instance, by the textile sector (Garg and Tripathi, 2017;Ibitoye et al., 2022). Regretfully, a