Study protocol: Safety and efficacy of smart watch integrated do-it-yourself continuous glucose monitoring in adults with Type 1 diabetes, a randomised controlled trial

Sehgal, Shekhar; Bock, Martin de; Williman, Jonathan; Taylor, Barry; Elbalshy, Mona; Galland, Barbara; Hall, Rosemary M; Paul, Ryan; Boucsein, Alisa; Jones, Stephanie; Frewen, Carla; Wheeler, Benjamin J

doi:10.1007/s40200-021-00923-y

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The clinical trial aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of smartwatch integrated DIY-CGM compared with isCGM, and the protocol has been previously published. 4 As part of the 8-week intervention arm, participants received and wore DIY-CGM (a MM device attached over consecutive generation 1 Free Style Libre sensors). Glucose information was transmitted to an Android smartphone app (xDrip+) via the MM Bluetooth functionality.…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, isCGM is non-adjunctive but only offers on demand sensor glucose values when scanned. 4 Following the introduction of first-generation isCGM, glycaemic control measured by time in range (TIR) and Hba1c improved and hypoglycaemia frequency decreased compared to SMBG. [5][6][7] Second-generation isCGM offers an improvement in accuracy and with added glucose threshold alerts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response, DIY-CGM is a solution that has evolved from the #WeAreNotWaiting movement. A third-party device (MiaoMiao, MM version 2, Smart Reader, AWX Bio Co. Ltd.) is available 4,12,13 and provides many of the benefits of commercial rt-CGM at a reduced price of US$149.00 per device (which is reusable). [12][13][14] The device uses Bluetooth to transmit data from a first-generation isCGM sensor to a paired smart device such as a phone or smartwatch (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MM battery life is advertised as 14 days and must be recharged and reset in conjunction with each application of a new isCGM sensor. 4 While a qualitative meta-synthesis on the impact of continuous glucose monitoring on life with T1D concluded that CGM impacts physical, emotional and relational aspects of life, limited paediatric and no adult studies report on experiences with DIY-CGM. 13,15 In addition, the use of wearable technologies for accessing glucose metrics, such as a smartwatch, is playing an increasing role in diabetes care, but little is known about whether they provide additional benefits to users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do‐it‐yourself continuous glucose monitoring in people aged 16 to 69 years with type 1 diabetes: A qualitative study

et al. 2023

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AimsIn many countries, real‐time continuous glucose monitoring (rt‐CGM) is not funded, and cost presents a barrier to access. A do‐it‐yourself conversion of intermittently scanned CGM (DIY‐CGM) is a cheaper alternative. This qualitative study aimed to explore user experiences with DIY‐CGM in people aged 16 to 69 years with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsConvenience sampling was used to recruit participants for semi‐structured virtual interviews exploring experiences of DIY‐CGM use. Participants were recruited after completing the intervention arm of a crossover randomised controlled trial that evaluated DIY‐CGM versus intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM). Participants were previously naive to DIY‐CGM and rt‐CGM but not isCGM. The DIY‐CGM intervention consisted of a Bluetooth bridge connected to isCGM, adding rt‐CGM functionality over 8 weeks. Interviews were transcribed, then thematic analysis was performed.ResultsInterviews were with 12 people aged 16 to 65 years, with T1D: mean age ± SD 43 ± 14 years; baseline mean HbA1c ± SD 60 mmol/mol ± 9.9 (7.6 ± 0.9%) and time in range 59.8% ± 14.8%. Participants perceived that using DIY‐CGM improved both glycaemic control and aspects of quality of life. Alarm and trend functionality allowed participants to perceive reduced glycaemic variability overnight and following meals. The addition of a smartwatch increased discrete access to glucose information. There was a high degree of trust in DIY‐CGM. Challenges while using DIY‐CGM included signal loss during vigorous exercise, alarm fatigue and short battery life.ConclusionsThis study suggests that for users, DIY‐CGM appears to be an acceptable alternative method of rt‐CGM.

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Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do‐it‐yourself continuous glucose monitoring in people aged 16 to 69 years with type 1 diabetes: A qualitative study

et al. 2023

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“…Wearable smart devices are useful tools for the self-monitoring of activity by the patient and for remote monitoring by the caregivers. A clinical trial is ongoing to explore the efficacy of integrated do-it-yourself smartwatch glucose monitoring compared to scanned continuous glucose-monitoring systems [ 82 ]. In another study, Fitbit ® data from diabetic patients were used to correlate the association of physical activity with glycemic exposure.…”

Section: Wearables As Digital Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Consumer Wearables as Digital Diagnostic Tools: A Review

Chakrabarti¹,

Biswas²,

Jones³

et al. 2022

Diagnostics

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The increasing usage of smart wearable devices has made an impact not only on the lifestyle of the users, but also on biological research and personalized healthcare services. These devices, which carry different types of sensors, have emerged as personalized digital diagnostic tools. Data from such devices have enabled the prediction and detection of various physiological as well as psychological conditions and diseases. In this review, we have focused on the diagnostic applications of wrist-worn wearables to detect multiple diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, fatty liver diseases, and metabolic disorders, including diabetes, sleep quality, and psychological illnesses. The fruitful usage of wearables requires fast and insightful data analysis, which is feasible through machine learning. In this review, we have also discussed various machine-learning applications and outcomes for wearable data analyses. Finally, we have discussed the current challenges with wearable usage and data, and the future perspectives of wearable devices as diagnostic tools for research and personalized healthcare domains.

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Starch digestibility: How single, double, and multiple physicochemical modifications change nutritional attributes of starch?

Rostamabadi,

Demirkesen,

Mert

et al. 2024

Food Frontiers

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The ever‐increasing ranges of starch applications have been restricted by some of its inherent adverse characteristics like retrogradability, gel opacity, low resistibility to variations of pH, and elevated shear/temperatures. Starch modification through various physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods has been proposed as the most mature platform to tackle such drawbacks. Along with their outstanding potential in enhancing the starch's technofunctional characteristics, physicochemical modifications could remarkably customize starch nutritional/digestibility attributes. For instance, physical modifications could remarkably change starch digestibility by manipulating the granular architecture while chemical approaches change it by altering the chemical structure of starch molecules, making them unrecognizable to digestive enzymes. Such alterations could even be more challenging upon applying a combination of starch modifications. The changes in starch digestibility through its modification via single, double, and multiple modifications have been overviewed in this review.

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Study protocol: Safety and efficacy of smart watch integrated do-it-yourself continuous glucose monitoring in adults with Type 1 diabetes, a randomised controlled trial

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Do‐it‐yourself continuous glucose monitoring in people aged 16 to 69 years with type 1 diabetes: A qualitative study

Do‐it‐yourself continuous glucose monitoring in people aged 16 to 69 years with type 1 diabetes: A qualitative study

Smart Consumer Wearables as Digital Diagnostic Tools: A Review

Starch digestibility: How single, double, and multiple physicochemical modifications change nutritional attributes of starch?

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