Study the Effect of Tobacco Smoking (Cigarette and Hookah) on Some Blood Parameters in the Samples of Iraqi People in Al-Najaf Governorate

Abstract

Background: The study of effective smoking is considered one of the challenges in sustainable development, where tobacco smoking (cigarettes and hookah) is one of the main etiology of cardiovascular and cancer diseases causing millions of deaths annually. Objectives: The current study aims to identify the effect of cigarettes and hookah on blood parameters in the population of Al-Najaf Governorate. Materials and Methods: The present study included 120 males and they were divided into cigarette smokers (n = 30), hookah smokers (n = 30), cigarettes and hookah smokers (n = 30), and nonsmokers (n = 30). They were distributed according to their age categories ranging from 15 to 74 years. Specimens of blood from all groups were collected to identify the hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBCs) count, red blood cells (RBCs), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), and mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC) in the blood. Results: The results revealed that the current study proved tobacco smoking has a significant effect on most blood parameters, as it had a significant effect on the level of Hb, WBCs, RBCs, MCH, and MCV (P < 0.05) in tobacco smokers (15.2458 ± 1.5 g/dL, 12.35 × 103µL, 5.326 ± 0.775 × 106 µL, 29.721 ± 0.432 pg, 87.7312 ± 0.692 fL), respectively, compared with nonsmokers as a control group (13.5 ± 1 g/dL, 7.450 ± 0.398 × 103 µL, 4.847 ± 0.081 × 106 µL, 27.416 ± 0.915 pg, 79.6343 ± 3.623 fL). However, the effect was not significant on the level of MCHC (34.336 ± 0.599 g/dL) compared with a control group (33.99 ± 0.307 g/dL). Conclusion: The current study concludes that cigarettes and hookah smoking or both change the blood parameters, which are harmful to health. Therefore, smokers must be aware to measure their blood parameters continuously to keep their health healthy.