Studying the mixed transmission in a community with age heterogeneity: COVID-19 as a case study

Wang, Xiaoying; Han, Qing Kai; Kong, Jude Dzevela

doi:10.1016/j.idm.2022.05.006

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our study suggested that children aged <12 years were more likely to become infected. Age as a risk factor for susceptibility and transmissibility has been studied in numerous settings and a variety of designs; the effect of age is highly dependent on age-specific contact rates and is therefore difficult to disentangle from biologic effects 19 . In fact, several studies have observed a reduced susceptibility for SARS-CoV-2 among children, distinct from our finding 2 , 20 – 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral factors and SARS-CoV-2 transmission heterogeneity within a household cohort in Costa Rica

Sun,

Loria,

Aparicio

et al. 2023

Commun Med

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Introduction Variability in household secondary attack rates and transmission risks factors of SARS-CoV-2 remain poorly understood. Methods We conducted a household transmission study of SARS-CoV-2 in Costa Rica, with SARS-CoV-2 index cases selected from a larger prospective cohort study and their household contacts were enrolled. A total of 719 household contacts of 304 household index cases were enrolled from November 21, 2020, through July 31, 2021. Blood specimens were collected from contacts within 30–60 days of index case diagnosis; and serum was tested for presence of spike and nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 prior infections among household contacts was defined based on the presence of both spike and nucleocapsid antibodies. We fitted a chain binomial model to the serologic data, to account for exogenous community infection risk and potential multi-generational transmissions within the household. Results Overall seroprevalence was 53% (95% confidence interval (CI) 48–58%) among household contacts. The estimated household secondary attack rate is 34% (95% CI 5–75%). Mask wearing by the index case is associated with the household transmission risk reduction by 67% (adjusted odds ratio = 0.33 with 95% CI: 0.09–0.75) and not sharing bedroom with the index case is associated with the risk reduction of household transmission by 78% (adjusted odds ratio = 0.22 with 95% CI 0.10–0.41). The estimated distribution of household secondary attack rates is highly heterogeneous across index cases, with 30% of index cases being the source for 80% of secondary cases. Conclusions Modeling analysis suggests that behavioral factors are important drivers of the observed SARS-CoV-2 transmission heterogeneity within the household.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral factors and SARS-CoV-2 transmission heterogeneity within a household cohort in Costa Rica

Sun,

Loria,

Aparicio

et al. 2023

Commun Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We found that children aged <12 years were more likely to become infected. Age as a risk factor for susceptibility and transmissibility has been studied in numerous settings and a variety of designs; the effect of age is highly dependent on age-specific contact rates and is therefore difficult to disentangle from biologic effects 14 . The increased susceptibility of the <12 age group may be a function of behavioral factors, particularly time spent at home, as children in this age group are more likely to remain home under adult supervision and therefore have a higher risk of exposure to and in-home transmission from adult contacts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral factors and SARS-CoV-2 transmission heterogeneity within a household cohort in Costa Rica

Sun

Loría

Aparicio

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Variability in household secondary attack rates (SAR) and transmission risks factors of SARS-CoV-2 remain poorly understood. To characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a household setting, we conducted a household serologic study of SARS-CoV-2 in Costa Rica, with SARS-CoV-2 index cases selected from a larger prospective cohort study and their household contacts were enrolled. A total of 719 household contacts of 304 household index cases were enrolled from November 21, 2020, through July 31, 2021. Demographic, clinical, and behavioral information was collected from the index cases and their household contacts. Blood specimens were collected from contacts within 30-60 days of index case diagnosis; and serum was tested for presence of spike and nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 prior infections among household contacts was defined based on the presence of both spike and nucleocapsid antibodies. To avoid making strong assumptions that the index case was the sole source of infections among household contacts, we fitted a chain binomial model to the serologic data, which allowed us to account for exogenous community infection risk as well as potential multi-generational transmissions within the household. Overall seroprevalence was 53% (95% confidence interval (CI) 48% – 58%) among household contacts The estimated household secondary attack rate (SAR) was 32% (95% CI 5% – 74%) and the average community infection risk was 19% (95% CI 14% - 26%). Mask wearing by the index case was associated with the household transmission risk reduction by 67% (adjusted odds ratio = 0.33 with 95% CI: 0.09-0.75) and sleeping in a separate bedroom from the index case reduced the risk of household transmission by 78% (adjusted odds ratio = 0.22 with 95% CI 0.10-0.41). The estimated distribution of household secondary attack rates was highly heterogeneous across index cases, with 30% of index cases being the source for 80% of secondary cases. Modeling analysis suggests behavioral factors were important drivers of the observed SARS-CoV-2 transmission heterogeneity within the household.

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Studying the mixed transmission in a community with age heterogeneity: COVID-19 as a case study

Cited by 2 publications

References 30 publications

Behavioral factors and SARS-CoV-2 transmission heterogeneity within a household cohort in Costa Rica

Behavioral factors and SARS-CoV-2 transmission heterogeneity within a household cohort in Costa Rica

Behavioral factors and SARS-CoV-2 transmission heterogeneity within a household cohort in Costa Rica

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