Stunting rates in infants and toddlers born in metropolitan Quetzaltenango, Guatemala

Reurings, Marieke; Vossenaar, Marieke; Doak, Colleen M.; Solomons, Noel W.

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2012.12.012

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although anaemia in Guatemala is poorly characterized, multiple factors have been recognized that are associated with stunting in the region, which is widely prevalent in children <5 years at 46.5% (MSPAS, ). Some of the factors associated with stunting in the region include being ages 13–18 months, born at home, Mayan (indigenous) ethnicity, low level of maternal education, short stature, and consumption of iron supplementation (Reurings, Vossenaar, Doak, & Solomons, ). The high prevalence of stunting in this country suggests zinc deficiency in children might be widespread (Fischer Walker, & Black, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc deficiency associated with anaemia among young children in rural Guatemala

Palacios

Hurley

De-Ponce³

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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One in four children younger than age five in Guatemala experiences anaemia (haemoglobin <11.0 g/dl). This study characterized the factors and micronutrient deficiencies associated with anaemia in a baseline cross-sectional sample of 182 Guatemalan infants/toddlers and 207 preschoolers, using generalized linear mixed models. Associations between anaemia and maternal, child and household variables, and biomarkers (soluble transferrin receptor, ferritin, zinc, folate, vitamin B12, C-reactive protein, and α1acid glycoprotein) were explored. Rates of anaemia were 56% among infants/toddlers and 12.1% among preschoolers. In children with anaemia, rates of iron deficiency (low ferritin based on inflammation status, and/or high soluble transferrin receptor, ≥1.97 mg/L) and zinc deficiency (serum zinc <65 μg/dl) were 81.1% and 53.7%, respectively.Folate deficiency (either plasma folate <3 ng/ml or erythrocyte folate <100 ng/ml) was 3.3%. Vitamin B12 deficiency (plasma vitamin B12 <148 pmol/L) was 7.5%. For infants and toddlers (<24 months), the odds ratio of anaemia was lower when higher number of adults lived in the household (OR = 0.69; 95% CI [0.53, 0.90]), and higher when children were zinc deficient (OR = 3.40; 95% CI [1.54, 7.47]). For preschoolers (36-60 months), the odds ratio of anaemia was lower for every additional month of age (OR = 0.90; 95% CI [0.81, 1.00]). Findings suggest that micronutrient deficiencies coexist in Guatemalan rural children, and zinc deficiency is associated with anaemia in children <24 months, highlighting the need of continued multidisciplinary interventions with multiple micronutrients. Further research examining how household composition, feeding practices, and accessibility to micronutrient supplements and to animal source foods is needed to incorporate strategies to improve the nutritional status of Guatemalan children.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc deficiency associated with anaemia among young children in rural Guatemala

Palacios

Hurley

De-Ponce³

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…11,12,23,24 In short, total daily energy requirements were computed using the formula: -95.4 + 88.3 * body weight (kg) for both breastfed and formula-fed infants 25 using the actual measured weight of the infants. 18 When the estimated energy from other food and beverages consumed was higher than the energy requirement, the energy contribution from breastmilk was arbitrarily set at zero.…”

Section: One-day Energy Intake and Energy Contribution From Breastmilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, observed feeding patterns and stunting rates in young children recruited in this clinic are comparable to representative data. 13,18 With any recall assessment of diet, issues of inexactness of memory for items consumed and portions offered on the part of the informants are latent. Beyond this, however, the survey covered only a single day in the life of the infants, such that findings are valid only on the group level.…”

Section: Artículo Originalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy contribution from non-breastmilk items in low-income Guatemalan infantsin their sixth month of life

Vossenaar¹,

Alvey²,

Beusekom³

et al. 2015

Salud Publica Mex

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(1) Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism (CeSSIAM). Guatemala City.(2) Health Sciences, Faculteit der aard-en levenswetenschappen (sectie infectieziekten), Vrije Universiteit. Amsterdam, the Netherlands AbstractObjective. To examine the nature and energy contribution of complementary feeding in breastfed infants in their sixth month of life, and the prevalence of the use of bottles as a delivery method. Materials and methods. We recruited 156 breastfeeding infants at a health clinic in metropolitan Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. A previous-day recall was performed. Results. Sixty nine mothers (44%) reported offering items other than breastmilk. The median contribution of energy from complementary foods among infants with mixed feeding (n=66) was 197 kcal/day (interquartile range [IQR] 49-353). The median energy contribution of formula or cow's milk among consumers (n=39) was 212 kcal/day . Bottles were used on the previous day by 55 (80%) of the 69 mothers not offering exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions. Premature introduction of non-breastmilk items is commonly practiced in feeding Guatemalan infants. Adherence to the internationally recognized guidelines for early infant feeding should be an intervention priority for this population.

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“… 2010 ), membership in disadvantaged minorities (Reurings et al. 2013 ), armed conflict (AlDoori et al. 1994 ; Akresh et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth seasons and heights among girls and boys below 12 years of age: lasting effects and catch-up growth among native Amazonians in Bolivia

Brabec

Behrman

Emmett

et al. 2018

Annals of Human Biology

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Background: Seasons affect many social, economic, and biological outcomes, particularly in low-resource settings, and some studies suggest that birth season affects child growth.Aim: To study a predictor of stunting that has received limited attention: birth season.Subjects and methods: This study uses cross-sectional data collected during 2008 in a low-resource society of horticulturists-foragers in the Bolivian Amazon, Tsimane’. It estimates the associations between birth months and height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) for 562 girls and 546 boys separately, from birth until age 11 years or pre-puberty, which in this society occurs ∼13–14 years.Results: Children born during the rainy season (February–May) were shorter, while children born during the end of the dry season and the start of the rainy season (August–November) were taller, both compared with their age–sex peers born during the rest of the year. The correlations of birth season with HAZ were stronger for boys than for girls. Controlling for birth season, there is some evidence of eventual partial catch-up growth, with the HAZ of girls or boys worsening until ∼ age 4–5 years, but improving thereafter. By age 6 years, many girls and boys had ceased to be stunted, irrespective of birth season.Conclusion: The results suggest that redressing stunting will require attention to conditions in utero, infancy and late childhood.

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Stunting rates in infants and toddlers born in metropolitan Quetzaltenango, Guatemala

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

Zinc deficiency associated with anaemia among young children in rural Guatemala

Zinc deficiency associated with anaemia among young children in rural Guatemala

Energy contribution from non-breastmilk items in low-income Guatemalan infantsin their sixth month of life

Birth seasons and heights among girls and boys below 12 years of age: lasting effects and catch-up growth among native Amazonians in Bolivia

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