Stuttering: a dynamic motor control disorder

Ludlow, Christy L.; Loucks, Torrey M.

doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2003.07.001

Cited by 155 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(140 reference statements)

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“…tuttering is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the presence of involuntary stuttering-like disfluencies (SLDs) during speech production, which are the overt result of disruptions in coordination patterns of neural commands to the muscle systems involved in speech (Ludlow & Loucks, 2003;Smith, 1989;Walsh & Smith, 2013). Stuttering has long been described as a disorder of speech motor discoordination and instability, with intervals of fluency and disfluency not observed as dichotomous phenomena, but instead as events along a continuum of speech motor coordination (Adams & Runyan, 1981;Van Riper, 1982;Zimmermann, Smith, & Hanley, 1981).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Lag in Speech Motor Coordination During Sentence Production Is Associated With Stuttering Persistence in Young Children

Usler

Smith

Weber

2017

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if indices of speech motor coordination during the production of sentences varying in sentence length and syntactic complexity were associated with stuttering persistence versus recovery in 5-to 7-year-old children. Methods: We compared children with persistent stuttering (CWS-Per) with children who had recovered (CWS-Rec), and children who do not stutter (CWNS). A kinematic measure of articulatory coordination, lip aperture variability (LAVar), and overall movement duration were computed for perceptually fluent sentence productions varying in length and syntactic complexity. Results: CWS-Per exhibited higher LAVar across sentence types compared to CWS-Rec and CWNS. For the participants who successfully completed the experimental paradigm, the demands of increasing sentence length and syntactic complexity did not appear to disproportionately affect the speech motor coordination of CWS-Per compared to their recovered and fluent peers. However, a subset of CWS-Per failed to produce the required number of accurate utterances. Conclusions: These findings support our hypothesis that the speech motor coordination of school-age CWS-Per, on average, is less refined and less mature compared to CWS-Rec and CWNS. Childhood recovery from stuttering is characterized, in part, by overcoming an earlier occurring maturational lag in speech motor development.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Lag in Speech Motor Coordination During Sentence Production Is Associated With Stuttering Persistence in Young Children

Usler

Smith

Weber

2017

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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“…In dystonias secondary to subcortical brain injuries, muscle co-contractions frequently occur, i.e. agonists and antagonists are simultaneously activated with the expansion of the contraction to adjacent muscles 2,19,20 . In SD, interruptions in voice production occur mainly during speech and less frequently during simple vocalizations and singing 2,20 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…agonists and antagonists are simultaneously activated with the expansion of the contraction to adjacent muscles 2,19,20 . In SD, interruptions in voice production occur mainly during speech and less frequently during simple vocalizations and singing 2,20 . Positive family history is significantly higher in individuals with torsion dystonia than in the general population 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent developmental stuttering as a cortical-subcortical dysfunction: evidence from muscle activation

Andrade

Sassi

Juste

et al. 2008

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Background: One contemporary view of stuttering posits that speech disfluencies arise from anomalous speech motor control. Purpose: To verify the rest muscle tension and speech reaction time of fluent and stuttering adults. Method: 22 adults, divided in two groups: G1 -11 fluent individuals; G2 -11 stutterers. Electromyography recordings (inferior orbicularis oris) were collected in two different situations: during rest and in a reaction time activity. Results: The groups were significantly different considering rest muscle tension (G2 higher recordings) and did not differ when considering speech reaction time and muscle activity during speech. There was a strong positive correlation between speech reaction time and speech muscle activity for G2 -the longer the speech reaction time, the higher the muscle activity during speech. Conclusion: In addition to perceptible episodes of speech disfluency, stutterers exhibit anomalies in speech motor output during fluent speech. Correlations with a possible cortical-subcortical disorder are discussed.KEY WORDS: speech, stuttering, electromyography, reaction time. Gagueira persistente do desenvolvimento como disfunção córtico-subcortical: evidências pela ativação muscularResumo -Introdução: Atualmente considera-se que as disfluências da fala na gagueira sejam decorrentes de controle motor anormal. Objetivo: Verificar o repouso e tempo de reação para fala em adultos fluentes e gagos. Método: 22 adultos, divididos em dois grupos: G1 -11 fluentes; G2 -11 gagos. Os dados eletromiográficos (orbicular dos lábios inferior) foram obtidos em duas situações: repouso e atividade de tempo de reação. Resultados: Os grupos apresentaram diferenças significantes para a tensão muscular de repouso (G2 valores maiores) e não se diferenciaram quanto ao tempo de reação e atividade muscular de fala. Houve correlação positiva entre o tempo de reação e a atividade muscular de fala para G2 -quanto maior o tempo de reação maior a atividade muscular de fala. Conclusão: Além dos episódios perceptíveis de disfluência, gagos apresentam alterações no output motor de fala durante a produção da fala fluente. Correlações com possível distúrbio cortico-subcortical são discutidas.

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“…På nuvaerende tidspunkt er det neurale grundlag for stammen ukendt, men det vides, at personer der lider af stammen, også ofte udviser en større grad af ikke-sproglige abnormale ansigtsbevaegelser (Conture/Kelly 1991, Mulligan et al 2003) og de motoriske baner gennem basalganglierne (primaert putamen), thalamus og motorisk cortex er blevet foreslået som hovedrolleindehaver i lidelsen (Alm 2004). Dette understøttes af det faktum, at når stammen opstår hos voksne, så er det oftest som konsekvens af skader på disse baner, mens primaere sprogområder, såsom Brocas område, planum temporale, insula og Wernickes område normalt ikke findes ramt (Ludlow/Loucks 2003). Snarere end at opfatte stammen som en egentlig sproglidelse bør stammen måske derfor indskrives blandt en bredere kategori af bevaegelsesforstyrrelser.…”

Section: Stammenunclassified

Er der kønsforskelle i hjernens bearbejdning af sprog?

Wallentin

2009

TfS

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Stuttering: a dynamic motor control disorder

Cited by 155 publications

References 118 publications

A Lag in Speech Motor Coordination During Sentence Production Is Associated With Stuttering Persistence in Young Children

A Lag in Speech Motor Coordination During Sentence Production Is Associated With Stuttering Persistence in Young Children

Persistent developmental stuttering as a cortical-subcortical dysfunction: evidence from muscle activation

Er der kønsforskelle i hjernens bearbejdning af sprog?

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