Stuttering generalization self-measure: Preliminary development of a self-measuring tool

Abstract

Analyses indicated that test-retest reliability was high for both groups. Discriminant validity was also achieved as the SGSM scores significantly differed between the controls and PWS two groups for stuttering and speech-anxiety. Convergent validity was confirmed by significant correlations between the SGSM and other speech-related anxiety measures.

Emotional reactions of people who stutter in difficult communication situations: a preliminary study

“…According to a study by Plexico et al [9], the emotions of AWS vary depending on the communication environment. Similarly, Alameer et al [8] presented nine different communication situations to individuals who stutter. The researchers reported that the participants' anxiety scores for speaking varied in these situations.…”

“…This grouping was performed by four different speech and language therapists (SLP) in order to avoid bias. By examining the literature on stuttering, communication situations were revised in proper forms [8,27,28]. In the final stage of the questionnaire development, an SLP specialist and faculty member checked the categorization and linguistic cohesion of the items.…”

“…For example, AWS state that it is easier for them to talk when they are alone compared to talking in front of a group of people [6]. In particular, the following factors may affect the speaker's stuttering experience, thoughts and emotions about communication situations: (a) the listener's age and affinity with (b) degree of importance to the speaker as well as the speaker's personality (c) his or her anxiety about the intended message [8,9]. These variations of stuttering experience are also affected by the emotions during that social event [6].…”

“…In literature stuttering is frequently associated with emotions such as fear, anxiety, worry, disappointment, embarrassment and tension [5,6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Previous studies have shown that stuttering is specifically associated with embarrassment and the fear of being disgraced [6,15,16].…”

Outcomes of Telepractice Speech Therapy for an Adult who Covertly Stutters: A Case Study

“…As opposed to randomized control trials (RCTs) which control for multiple variables, evidence shows that single case studies are beneficial in situations where group study outcomes cannot be applied to each individual in real-life settings (Byiers et al, 2012). Stuttering is variable on a day-to-day basis, with severity (i.e., frequency, intensity, and duration) varying across different contexts and conversation partners (Constantino et al, 2016;Alameer et al, 2017). As a result, single case designs may be more informative to clinicians and researchers by identifying treatment outcomes for a specific client as opposed to determining a single optimal treatment for all PWS.…”