Styela clava Herdman (Urochordata, Ascidiacea), a successful immigrant to North West Europe: ecology, propagation and chronology of spread

Lützen, Jørgen

doi:10.1007/bf02908912

Cited by 50 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As a result it holds several southern faunal elements, and has been a recipient of several species of immigrants that originate from widely different regions (Knudsen 1989). Lützen (1999) noted that the first record of S. clava in the Limfjord was in an oyster bed to which spat from the English Channel had been transferred as part of commercial operations. He also suggested that many French and some Dutch populations of S. clava could be attributed to importation of the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) from Japan.…”

Section: Genetic Structure Within Populationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Our molecular data suggest the reverse relationships: (1) they link the Northern Danish populations with Japan (and/or the west coast of North America), rather than England, thus potentially implicating the importation of oysters from a Pacific site, and (2) indicate a common origin for French and English populations, with the chronology of first occurrences suggesting spread from England to France. The first definite Danish record was in 1980, concerning individuals believed to represent the 1978 year-class (Christiansen and Thomsen 1981), but Lützen and Sørensen (1993) and Lützen (1999) note that the species 'had presumably been present from the mid-1960 s'. The basis for this statement is that a fisherman interviewed by J. Lützen recalled seeing S. clava for the first time in the mid-1960 s while operating close to oyster beds in the northern part of Nissum Bredning (Lützen andSørensen 1993 andJ.…”

Section: Genetic Structure Within Populationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…First reported outside its native range in California in the late 1920s, this large sea squirt has subsequently also colonized NW Europe, eastern and western USA, southern Australia, eastern and western Canada New Zealand and one site in the Mediterranean basin (Abbott and Johnson 1972;Lambert and Lambert 1998;Lützen 1999;Davis 2006, 2008;Locke et al 2007). Since its initial discovery in Plymouth (UK) in 1953 (Carlisle 1954), S. clava has spread around Britain and also to the Channel Islands, Ireland, Scotland and along the coast of Europe from Denmark to Portugal (Davis and Davis 2004a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Pathways of spread of the introduced ascidian Styela clava (Tunicata) in Northern Europe, as revealed by microsatellite markers

et al. 2010

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Styela clava, a solitary ascidian native to the NW Pacific, has become a conspicuous member of fouling communities in NW European waters. As its natural dispersal appears to be limited, the wide distribution of S. clava along coasts within its introduced range may be attributed to secondary spread assisted by human activities. Here, we used six microsatellite loci to examine the genetic diversity and extent of gene flow among S. clava populations in its European introduced range. Samples were collected from 21 populations within Europe (N = 808), 4 populations within the USA and two populations within the native range (Japan).

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Section: Genetic Structure Within Populationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Genetic Structure Within Populationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Pathways of spread of the introduced ascidian Styela clava (Tunicata) in Northern Europe, as revealed by microsatellite markers

et al. 2010

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“…Private pleasure craft have been implicated in the transmission of a number of invasive marine fouling organisms, including the black striped mussel, Mytilopsis sallei (Field 1999), the marine macroalgae Undaria pinnatifida (Hay 1990;Fletcher and Farrell 1998) and Codium fragile spp. tomentosoides (Bird et al 1993), and a number of ascidian species (Lambert and Lambert 1998;Lu¨tzen 1999). The most widely used, and most effective measure for preventing colonization of vessel hulls by fouling organisms is the use of biocidal 'antifouling' paints.…”

Section: Immunity and Sanitation Of Boat Hullsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selectivity in vector management: an investigation of the effectiveness of measures used to prevent transport of non-indigenous species

2005

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Measures taken to control the spread of non-indigenous species by human vectors may act selectively by providing effective protection against some (but not all) species. Toxic 'antifouling paints' are used by boat owners to prevent the development of 'fouling assemblages' on the hulls of their boats, which reduce vessel speed and maneuverability. By reducing fouling, these paints also prevent transport of non-indigenous species. Using experimental surfaces mimicking boat hulls, we evaluated the effectiveness and selectivity of (1) antifouling paints, and (2) manual, in-water hull cleaning for preventing the transport of marine sessile invertebrates by recreational vessels. Different types of antifouling paints provided effective protection only against barnacles and bivalves. Other fouling taxa occurred on experimental surfaces after a period of only 2 months. Manual hull cleaning did not remove fouling completely, and even enhanced the risk of subsequent recruitment by some fouling organisms. Up to six times more individuals and colonies recruited to boat surfaces from which the existing fouling organisms had been removed manually than to surfaces that had been sterilized or contained intact fouling assemblages. Bivalves, colonial and solitary ascidians, encrusting bryozoans, hydroids, tubiculous polychaetes, and sponges consistently recruited in greatest abundance to manually cleaned surfaces. Individual taxa responded in complex, but predictable ways to the biogenic cues left by manual cleaning, so that different suites of organisms colonized surfaces that had originally contained fouling assemblages of local or non-local origin. Our study shows that widely adopted measures to control the spread of non-indigenous species by human vectors are often highly selective and, while effective for some taxa, do not prevent the transport of others.

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“…The main vectors identified in the marine and freshwater environments include: attachment to ship hulls, transfer through ballast water, the movement of aquaculture gear and product, and recreational boating (Buizer 1980;Minchin and Duggan 1988;Lambert and Lambert 1998;Lützen 1999). The local conditions for an introduced species will determine its success or failure in establishing, invading or becoming a nuisance in its new host area (Stachowicz et al 1999;Locke et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Process of invasiveness among exotic tunicates in Prince Edward Island, Canada

et al. 2008

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Over the past decade, four exotic tunicates (Styela clava, Ciona intestinalis, Botrylloides violaceus and Botryllus schlosseri) have been reported in the Brudenell estuary in Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada. Styela clava was the first exotic tunicate to arrive in 1997, rapidly establishing, spreading, invading, and eventually becoming a nuisance in several estuaries of PEI. In the Brudenell estuary, S. clava remained the only exotic nuisance tunicate until 2003. In the fall of 2004, the vase tunicate C. intestinalis, was reported in low abundance, followed by the two colonial species, B. schlosseri and B. violaceus, reported in the spring of 2005. The abundance of C. intestinalis rapidly increased post-introduction, eventually replacing S. clava as the foremost nuisance species on mussel farms in the estuary. To date, C. intestinalis continues to colonize this estuary at epidemic proportions, resulting in the continuing drop of S. clava abundance. The current abundance of C. intestinalis is estimated at 5 cm -2 , which is similar to S. clava abundance at its height in 2003. The 2006 abundance of S. clava is estimated to have fallen to near 0 cm -2 . The dominance of C. intestinalis as a fouling organism on mussel farms is considered a serious threat to this aquaculture industry, mainly due to its unmanageable weight. The process of the detection, establishment, invasiveness, and eventual rise to nuisance level of exotic tunicates in the Brudenell River is presented.

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Styela clava Herdman (Urochordata, Ascidiacea), a successful immigrant to North West Europe: ecology, propagation and chronology of spread

Cited by 50 publications

References 14 publications

Pathways of spread of the introduced ascidian Styela clava (Tunicata) in Northern Europe, as revealed by microsatellite markers

Pathways of spread of the introduced ascidian Styela clava (Tunicata) in Northern Europe, as revealed by microsatellite markers

Selectivity in vector management: an investigation of the effectiveness of measures used to prevent transport of non-indigenous species

Process of invasiveness among exotic tunicates in Prince Edward Island, Canada

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