Stylalgia and Styloidectomy: A Review

Taneja, Saumya; Chand, Sharad; Dhar, Shishir

doi:10.1007/s12663-022-01720-7

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Normally, the styloid process is not palpable here. Although Eagle syndrome is suspected in this situation, a definite diagnosis needs to be confirmed by radiographic studies [4].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a controversy regarding Eagle syndrome incidence [4]. This variability in the epidemiology of Eagle syndrome is likely due to the differences in both the radiologic and clinical diagnostic criteria.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steinmann listed other causes relating to previous trauma, and Camarda described inflammatory changes due to the ageing. Both previous trauma or an inflammatory process can produce a proliferative reaction and granulation tissue formation, leading to ossification or calcification [4]. Also, some diseases disturbing calcium maintenance and osteoarthritis changes have been postulated as predisposing factors to Eagle syndrome [5].…”

Section: Causementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the stylomandibular and stylohyoid ligaments are attached to this process. These structures regulate the movements of the pharynx, the tongue, the hyoid bone and the mandible [4]. There are important anatomic structures close to the styloid process such as the occipital artery, the hypoglossal and facial nerves, the internal jugular vein, the internal and external carotid arteries, the pharyngobasilar fascia and the superior constrictor muscle [18].…”

Section: Anatomy and Embryologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eagle syndrome is a rare clinical condition that often presents with dysphagia, recurrent pain in the cervicofacial and oropharynx region, referred otalgia and foreign body sensation in the throat due to the calcified stylohyoid ligament or elongated styloid process [4]. Although the most common presentations of an Eagle syndrome are related to the ear and pharynx, other irregular symptoms are associated with the upper oesophagus and the hypopharynx [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of eagle syndrome

Sharifi

Kouhi

2023

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &Amp; Head &Amp; Neck Surgery

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Purpose of review Eagle syndrome is a challenging clinical presentation with important potential complications. It can be misdiagnosed due to lack of awareness; this review provides information in terms of diagnosis and management of eagle syndrome. Recent findings The importance of early diagnosis of this rare disease is preventing the delay in clinical-surgical treatment. As there is not a universally accepted cut-off for styloid process length, the diagnosis should be confirmed by length of process greater than one-third of the length of mandibular ramus in addition to other clinical symptoms and signs. There are both surgical and pharmacological treatment options for these patients. Summary Eagle syndrome is a rare clinical condition and its diagnosis is made by physical examination and radiography. When it is suspected by physical examination, definitive diagnosis is confirmed by computed tomography scans of the skull, as the gold standard. Location, degree of elongation of styloid process, and severity and reproducibility of symptoms are important factors in deciding the most appropriate approach. Surgery is frequently the treatment of choice in Eagle syndrome patients. With proper diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis is favourable and recurrence is uncommon.

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“…Normally, the styloid process is not palpable here. Although Eagle syndrome is suspected in this situation, a definite diagnosis needs to be confirmed by radiographic studies [4].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Causementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anatomy and Embryologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of eagle syndrome

Sharifi

Kouhi

2023

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &Amp; Head &Amp; Neck Surgery

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Ischemic stroke due to stylocarotid artery syndrome: a case report and review

Liu,

Li,

Zheng

et al. 2024

J Int Med Res

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Stylocarotid artery syndrome (SAS) is a rare variant of Eagle’s syndrome that may lead to transient ischemic attack or stroke. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism involves compression of the internal carotid artery by an elongated styloid process (ESP), potentially resulting in vascular occlusion or dissection. An ESP exceeding 2.5 cm is deemed elongated, with a length of 3.0 cm considered clinically significant. Although the prevalence of ESP ranges from 4.0% to 7.3%, symptomatic cases are rare; symptoms are present in only approximately 4.0% of individuals with an ESP. Unlike the typical symptoms of Eagle’s syndrome, SAS may not cause pharyngeal discomfort, the sensation of a foreign body in the throat, dysphagia, or facial pain. This absence of characteristic symptoms as well as the development of central nervous system symptoms often leads patients to seek care from neurologists instead of otolaryngologists, increasing the likelihood of misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis. We herein report a unique case of ischemic stroke caused by SAS and present a literature review on cases of SAS-associated ischemic stroke published in the past decade. The reporting of this study conforms to the CARE guidelines.

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Analysis and Comparison of Methods of Conservative and Various Types of Surgical Treatment of Stylohyoid Syndrome

Shchelkunov¹

2023

The Odessa Medical Journal

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Одеський національний медичний університет, Одеса, Україна УДК 616.289:616-091.8 А. П. Щелкунов, О. Б. Синоверська АНАЛІЗ ТА ПОРІВНЯННЯ МЕТОДИК КОНСЕРВАТИВНОГО ТА РІЗНИХ ВИДІВ ОПЕРАТИВНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ ШИЛОПІД'ЯЗИЧНОГО СИНДРОМУ Одеський національний медичний університет, Одеса, УкраїнаШилопід'язичний синдром -захворювання, причиною якого є подразнення шилоподібним відростком скроневої кістки навколишніх нервів, судин та м'язових структур. Проведена нами робота була спрямована на вдосконалення та спрощення методів хірургічної терапії хворих із симптоматикою шилопід'язичного синдрому, ураховуючи дані проведених досліджень для визначення найменшої відстані верхівки шиловидної бічної стінки ротоглотки та найбільш оптимального місця для ін'єкції лікарської речовини і місця розтину тканин при оперативному лікуванні шилопід'язичного синдрому. Із 224 хворих успіх лікування в 0 балів (відсутність скарг) оцінили 115 осіб (51,3%), у 1 бал -60 (26,7%), у 2-3 бали -34 (15,2%), у 4-5 балів -15 пацієнтів (6,7%), тобто значного ефекту від лікування не досягнуто. Усім, хто має результат лікування, який оцінювався у 4-5 балів, пропонувався хірургічний метод лікування -резекція шилоподібного відростка з відповідного боку.Ключові слова: подовжений шилоподібний відросток, судинно-нервовий пучок, функціональні проби, біль у горлі, патофізіологічні механізми болю, тонзилярна проблема, шилопід'язичний синдром.

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Stylalgia and Styloidectomy: A Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Management of eagle syndrome

Management of eagle syndrome

Ischemic stroke due to stylocarotid artery syndrome: a case report and review

Analysis and Comparison of Methods of Conservative and Various Types of Surgical Treatment of Stylohyoid Syndrome

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