Stylostome formation in trombiculid mites (Acariformes: Trombiculidae)

Shatrov, Andrew B.

doi:10.1007/s10493-009-9264-0

Cited by 41 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The feeding cavity formed is a result of the hydrolytic action of the mite's saliva forced through the stylostome into the wound. The modes of stylostome formation by larvae (chiggers) of L. intermedium, L. fletcheri, L. arenicola, and L. deliense in parasitized mouse skin were studied histologically in relation to their capacity to transmit O. tsutsugamushi (Hase et al 1978;Shatrov 2009). General distinctions among three subgenera of Leptotrombidium have been mentioned previously Linthicum 1997, 1999), but details of the stylostome formation in our three species of Leptotrombidium Lc, Li and Ld have not been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variable clinical responses of a scrub typhus outbred mouse model to feeding by Orientia tsutsugamushi infected mites

et al. 2012

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Rodents are the natural hosts for Leptotrombidium mites that transmit Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, a potentially fatal febrile human disease. Utilizing mite lines that included O. tsutsugamushi infected and non-infected Leptotrombidium species we investigated the varied infection response of outbred mice (ICR) exposed to L. chiangraiensis (Lc), L. imphalum (Li) and L. deliense (Ld). Each of six mite lines (Lc1, Lc5, Li3, Li4, Li7 and Ld) was separately placed in the inner ears of ICR mice either as a single individual (individual feeding, IF) or as a group of 2-4 individuals (pool feeding, PF). The species of infected chigger feeding on mice significantly affected mortality rates of the mice, with mite lines of Lc causing higher mean (±SE) mortality (90.7 ± 3.6 %) than mite lines of Li (62.9 ± 5.6 %) or Ld (53.6 ± 5.8 %). Mouse responses which included time to death, food consumption and total mice weight change depended on mite species and their O. tsutsugamushi genotype, more than on feeding procedure (IF vs. PF) except for mite lines within the Lc. Infected mite lines of Lc were the most virulent infected mites assessed whereas the infected Ld species was the least virulent for the ICR. Mice killed by various mite lines showed enlarged spleens and produced ascites. The results of this investigation of the clinical responses of ICR mice to feeding by various infected mite lines indicated that the different species of infected mites and their O. tsutsugamushi genotype produced different clinical presentations in ICR mice, a scrub typhus mouse model which mimics the natural transmission of O. tsutsugamushi that is critical for understanding scrub typhus disease in terms of natural transmission, host-pathogen-vector interaction and vaccine development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The larva secretes the membrane that become stylostome, extends from its mouthparts and passes through the host skin. Organization of the stylostome depends on the mite species, and its characteristic wall may show weakly expressed longitudinal or transverse stratification (Shatrov 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable clinical responses of a scrub typhus outbred mouse model to feeding by Orientia tsutsugamushi infected mites

et al. 2012

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“…Chigger mites are the only reservoir of OT [14, 31], with extremely high efficiency of transstadial (from larva to nymph to adult) and transovarial (from adult to progeny) transmission occurring within chiggers [32–33]. Because chigger mites spend >99% of their life cycle time in the soils [34], other than rodents as the main food resource of parasitical chiggers, the soil temperature and moisture also determine the abundance and distribution of chigger mites [29, 30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive plants facilitated by socioeconomic change shelter vectors of scrub typhus and spotted fever

Wei

Wang

Shih³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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3Background 4 Ecological determinants of most emerging vector-borne diseases are little studied, particularly for 5 neglected tropical disease; meanwhile, although socioeconomic change can have significant 6 downstream effect on human risks to vector-borne diseases via a change in land cover, particularly 7 facilitating the invasion of exotic plants, related studies remain very scarce. Scrub typhus and 8 spotted fever are neglected diseases emerging around the globe and are transmitted by chigger mites 9 and ticks, respectively, with small mammals as the primary hosts of both vectors. 10 11 Methodology/Principal findings 12 We investigated how invasion of Leucaena leucocephala plant after extensive abandonment of 13 farmlands driven by industrialization in Penghu Islands of Taiwan affected abundance of chiggers 14 and ticks by trapping small mammals in three types of habitats (invasion site, agricultural field, 15 human residence) every two months for a year. Invasion sites sheltered more chiggers and ticks than 16 the other two habitats; moreover, both vectors maintained higher abundance in early winter and 17 populations of chiggers were more stable across seasons in invasion sites, suggesting that the 18 invasive sites could be a temporary refuge for both vectors and might help mitigate the negative 19 influence of unfavorable climate. Infective rates of etiologic agents in chiggers and ticks were also 20 higher in invasion sites. Top soil temperature and relative humility were similar across the three 21 habitats, but invasion sites harbored more Rattus losea rat, on which infested chiggers and ticks 22 were more well fed than those from the most commonly trapped species (Suncus murinus shrew), 23 implicating that abundance of superior hosts instead of microclimate, might determine the 24 abundance of both vectors. 25 26 Conclusions/Significance 3 27This study highlights an important but largely neglected issue that socioeconomic change can have 28 unexpected consequence for human health mediated particularly through invasive plants, which 29 could become a hotspot for emerging infectious diseases but usually are very hard to be eradicated. 30In the future, a more holistic perspective that integrates socioeconomy, land use, exotic species, and 31 human health should be considered to fully understand potential emergence of vector-borne 32 diseases. 33 4 34 Author summary 35 Understanding how environmental factors, such as land use change, affect risks to vector-borne36 diseases helps control and prevent human diseases, but ecological preference of vectors of most 37 neglected diseases remain little investigated. In this study, we found that vectors of scrub typhus 38 (chigger mites) and spotted fever (hard ticks), two emerging neglected diseases, were much more 39 abundant in sites invaded by exotic plants than the other major land cover types in a small island of 40 Taiwan; moreover, populations of chigger mite in invasion sites were more stable across seasons, 41 suggesting that plant invasion sites could b...

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“…A remarkable second unique feature of trombidid mites is that the larvae induce the formation of a feeding tube or “stylostome” at the attachment site that is extraneous to the larval mouthparts [39]. These larvae are not blood feeders, but ingest tissue exudates (in the case of vertebrate hosts) or arthropod haemolymph [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomes of trombidid mites reveal novel predicted allergens and laterally-transferred genes associated with secondary metabolism

Dong

Chaisiri

Xia

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Stylostome formation in trombiculid mites (Acariformes: Trombiculidae)

Cited by 41 publications

References 33 publications

Variable clinical responses of a scrub typhus outbred mouse model to feeding by Orientia tsutsugamushi infected mites

Variable clinical responses of a scrub typhus outbred mouse model to feeding by Orientia tsutsugamushi infected mites

Invasive plants facilitated by socioeconomic change shelter vectors of scrub typhus and spotted fever

Genomes of trombidid mites reveal novel predicted allergens and laterally-transferred genes associated with secondary metabolism

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