Styrene–butadiene rubber/cellulose II/clay nanocomposites prepared by cocoagulation—mechanical properties

Abstract

In this work, nanocomposites of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), cellulose II, and clay were prepared by cocoagulation of SBR latex, cellulose xanthate, and clay aqueous suspension mixtures. The incorporated amount of cellulose II was 15 phr, and the clay varied from 0 to 7 phr. The influence of cellulose II and clay was investigated by rheometric, mechanical, physicochemical, and morphological properties. From the analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dispersion in nanometric scale (below 100nm) of the cellulosic and mineral components throughout the elastomeric matrix was observed. XRD analysis suggested that fully exfoliated structure could be obtained by this method when low loading of silicate layers (up to 5 phr) is used. The results from mechanical tests showed that the nanocomposites presented better mechanical properties than SBR gum vulcanizate. Furthermore, 5 phr of clay is enough to achieve the best tensile properties.

Recent Developments in Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives/Clay Nanocomposites

“…The authors associated these property gains to MMT presence and to the nanocrystalline character of cellulose II. Zine et al [43] also studied rubber/cellulose II/pristine Na-MMT nanocomposites by the same co-coagulation methodology. In this case, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) was used as the matrix and cellulose II was incorporated at 15 phr, with clay varying from 0 to 7 phr.…”

Natural rubber (NR) composites using cellulosic fiber reinforcements

“…Although these patented processes allow nanocellulose in all marketed elastomeric lattices to be obtained (Zine et al, 2011;Lapa et al, 2007Lapa et al, , 2008Affonso and Nunes, 1995;Nunes and Affonso, 1999), the present chapter will focus exclusively on the results obtained for nanocellulose in NR, or nanocellulose in admixture of NR with other elastomers. The results were promising and the nanocomposites exhibit clear color, have high mechanical performance and characteristics of impermeability to gases.…”

Effect of different cure systems on natural rubber/nanocellulose nanocomposites in rheological, physical-mechanical, aging, and mechanical properties

“…2,9 The rubber nanocomposites formation through this technique was confirmed in previous works by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with NR as the elastomeric matrix as well as with other elastomers. [10][11][12][13][14] In addition to the filler, the formation of crosslinks in elastomers is of fundamental importance for the technological application of these materials. Elastomers reticulation by using sulfur, activators, and accelerators is the most employed method due to the characteristics, this system provides the artifact and the low cost as well.…”

“…2,9 The rubber nanocomposites formation through this technique was confirmed in previous works by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with NR as the elastomeric matrix as well as with other elastomers. 10–14…”