The moderately polar solvent methyl tert-butyl
ether (MTBE) was investigated as the reaction medium for the carbanionic
polymerization of the 1,3-dienes isoprene and β-farnesene. Key characteristics of MTBE, e.g., 50 times longer half-life of n-butyllithium in MTBE compared to that in tetrahydrofuran,
and polymerization rate constants were determined. In situ 1H NMR kinetics showed a polymerization rate in MTBE in between the
commonly utilized solvents cyclohexane and tetrahydrofuran for diene
polymerization. Remarkably, the living polydienyllithium chains in
MTBE are predominantly present as nonaggregated unimers. The copolymerization
of styrene and isoprene in cyclohexane with an increasing MTBE fraction
was investigated via in situ near-infrared kinetics. The gradient
structure successively changes to random monomer incorporation and
ultimately yields an inverted yet still almost random incorporation
in pure MTBE, reflected by the reactivity ratios r
S
MTBE = 1.82 and r
I
MTBE = 0.55. A spotlight is placed on the great potential
of this highly available, albeit rarely used solvent for anionic polymerization.