Sub-chronic toxicity of ethanol leaf extract of Syzygium guineense on the biochemical parameters and histopathology of liver and kidney in the rats

Abebe, Melese Shenkut; Asres, Kaleab; Bekuretsion, Yonas; Abebe, Abiy; Bikila, Demiraw; Seyoum, Girma

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.032

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…However, these alterations in the microscopic structures of the placenta were not statistically significant. Similarly, in another study, there were no significant histological alterations observed in the liver and kidney of rats treated with S. guineense extract [ 18 ]. The decidua basalis is found at the base of the placenta and it contains newly formed vasculatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The test plant was verified by a taxonomist in the National Herbarium of Ethiopia with a voucher sample (MS 001) deposited for later remark. Regarding the extraction procedure, we followed the methods of Abebe et al [ 18 ]. Briefly, the leaves of the test plant were cleaned, shade dried, broken into pieces by hand, and roughly ground by an electric mill.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 3–4 mm section was sampled from each placenta and immersed in 10% formalin for fixation. With regard to tissue processing and staining, we followed the methods of Abebe et al [ 18 ]. Following an overnight fixation, the tissues were dehydrated by an ascending series of alcohol (40%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal Developmental Toxicity and Histopathological Changes of the Placenta Induced by Syzygium guineense Leaf Extract in Rats

Abebe

Asres

Bekuretsion

et al. 2022

Journal of Toxicology

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Many of the traditional herbal products are served to the consumer without proper efficacy and safety investigations. A laboratory-based experimental study was employed to investigate the toxic effects of Syzygium guineense leaf extract on the fetal development and histopathology of the placenta in rats. Fifty pregnant Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into five groups, each consisting of 10 rats. S. guineense leaf extract, at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of body weight, was respectively administered to groups I-III rats. Groups four and five were control and ad libitum control, respectively. The number of resorptions, implantation sites, and live or dead fetuses was counted. The weight and crown-rump length of the fetuses were measured. The histopathological investigation of the placenta was conducted. Administration of 70% ethanol extract of S. guineense leaves reduced weight gain and food intake of pregnant rats at p value <0.05. The crown-rump length of the near-term rat fetus was significantly reduced in rats treated with 1000 mg/kg body weight of S. guineense extract ( p value <0.05). The plant extract did not affect the number of implantations, fetal resorptions, live births, and stillbirths. The weight of the fetuses and the placentae also decreased dose-dependently. Decidual cystic degeneration was the most prevalent histopathological change observed in a rat’s placenta treated with 1000 mg/kg body weight of S. guineense extract. Consumption of S. guineense leaves, especially at a high dose, may affect fetal development. Therefore, liberal use of S. guineense leaves during pregnancy should be avoided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal Developmental Toxicity and Histopathological Changes of the Placenta Induced by Syzygium guineense Leaf Extract in Rats

Abebe

Asres

Bekuretsion

et al. 2022

Journal of Toxicology

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“…Animal studies suggest that flavonoids could reduce fat absorption, boost energy use, and inhibit adipogenesis [ 37 , 38 ]. Similarly, tannins can harm the gastrointestinal mucosa and reduce food intake [ 39 , 40 ]. In addition, the essential oil of O. lamiifolium contains a significant amount of linalool and this compound is known to inhibit lipid accumulation by down-regulating adipocyte differentiation [ 41 ], which could be another potential reason for the reduced weight gain in our rats who received high doses of O. lamiifolium leaf extracts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth on biochemical parameters and histopathology of liver and kidney in rats: in vivo and in- silico toxicity studies

Adane

Assefa

Alem

et al. 2023

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background The aerial part of Ocimum lamiifolium is commonly used in Ethiopian traditional medicine. Although this plant is mostly used in traditional medicine, its safety profile has not been documented yet. The aim of this study was to assess the sub-chronic toxicity of O. lamiifolium aqueous extract in rats and to determine the toxicity profile of GC–MS identified bioactive compounds obtained from essential oil of O. lamiifolium using in silico toxicity methods. Methods Eighty rats (40 male and 40 female) were randomly assigned to four groups of ten rats per sex/group. For 90 days, Groups I-III received 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg bw of aqueous extract of O. lamiifolium, respectively. Distilled water was given to Group IV (control). Clinical observations, food intake, and rat weight were all recorded during the experiment. In addition, several biochemical parameters, organ weight, and histology of the liver and kidney were all evaluated. For the in-silico toxicity study, GC–MS identified bioactive compounds in O. lamiifolium essential oil were obtained from published articles. The compounds two-dimensional structures were constructed using Chemdraw. The two-dimensional structures were converted into a simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) using the Swiss ADMET web tool. Furthermore, the toxicity parameters were predicted using the ProTox II server. Results The administration of an aqueous extract of O. lamiifolium leaves significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the test animals' food intake and body weight gain. In the high dose (600 mg/kg bw) treated group, the serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In female rats given 600 mg/kg bw of O. lamiifolium, the levels of serum urea were also increased. In addition, rats given 600 mg/kg bw had significantly lower blood glucose levels than the control group (p < 0.05). Doses up to 400 mg/kg bw didn’t bring a significant change to the histology of the liver. However, in the high dose (600 mg/kg bw) treated group, some female rats' livers showed mild sinusoidal and central vein dilatation, as well as parenchymal necrosis. our findings showed that all compounds derived from the essential oil of O. lamiifolium showed no mutagenicity or cytotoxicity. However, 30% of the compounds tested were hepatotoxic, 20% carcinogenic, and 20% immunotoxin. Conclusion Our findings showed that oral administration of O. lamiifoliums aqueous extract up to a dose of 400 mg/kg bw is not toxic. However, high-dose (600 mg/kg bw) significantly affected the food consumption and weight gain of the experimental rats and the serum concentration of some liver and kidney enzymes were also significantly increased. Additionally, a considerable proportion of the tested compounds were predicted to be hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and immunotoxin. Furthermore, before employing O. lamiifolium preparations as drugs, a chronic toxicity research on the essential oil as well as its components that exhibited toxicity in the in-silico toxicity study is needed. Finally, use high doses of O. lamiifolium leaves with caution.

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“…A 3 mm tissue sample from the liver, kidney, and brain was taken and preserved in 10% formalin for a purpose of fixation. For the routine tissue processing steps: dehydration, clearing, embedding, mounting, and staining, we followed the methods discussed by Abebe et al [ 15 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Rhamnus prinoides Leaves on Histopathology of Liver, Kidney, and Brain Tissues, and Biochemical Profile of Rats

Abebe

2023

Journal of Toxicology

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Rhamnus prinoides is used as a traditional medicinal plant to treat pneumonia, sprain, gonorrhea, rheumatism, and ringworm infections as well as for the preparation of local beverages in Ethiopia. It has a widespread antioxidant, antimalarial, antimicrobial, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities. These activities are due to the presence of alkaloids, steroids, triterpenes, tannins, flavonoids, flavones, phenols, and glycosides. This study aimed to investigate acute and subacute toxicity of R. prinoides leaves on histopathology of the liver, kidney, and brain tissues, and biochemical profiles of rats. For the acute toxicity study, female rats were treated with R. prinoides at a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight and followed-up for 14 days. In the subacute toxicity study, four groups of rats were used. The first three groups, respectively, received 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight of R. prinoides extract and the fourth group was a control group. Signs of toxicity, food intake, and weight was recorded. At necropsy, organ weight measurement and macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of the liver, kidney, and brain were carried out. Different clinical chemistry profiles of rats were also measured. Single-dose oral administration of R. prinoides extract at 5000 mg/kg produced no mortality indicating the LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. A four week administration of R. prinoides extract did not bring deleterious outcomes on the food consumption and weight gain of rats. Moreover, gross examination, histopathological evaluation, and weight measurement conducted on the liver, kidney, and brain did not reveal treatment related changes. The biochemical analysis showed no significant difference between the treatment and control groups. Consumption of R. prinoides leaf for 4 weeks might not have a toxic effect in rats. However, further investigations upon long-term administration should be conducted to have a wider safety margin.

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Sub-chronic toxicity of ethanol leaf extract of Syzygium guineense on the biochemical parameters and histopathology of liver and kidney in the rats

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 14 publications

References 70 publications

Prenatal Developmental Toxicity and Histopathological Changes of the Placenta Induced by Syzygium guineense Leaf Extract in Rats

Prenatal Developmental Toxicity and Histopathological Changes of the Placenta Induced by Syzygium guineense Leaf Extract in Rats

Sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth on biochemical parameters and histopathology of liver and kidney in rats: in vivo and in- silico toxicity studies

Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Rhamnus prinoides Leaves on Histopathology of Liver, Kidney, and Brain Tissues, and Biochemical Profile of Rats

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