Sub-Concussive Hit Characteristics Predict Deviant Brain Metabolism in Football Athletes

Poole, Victoria N.; Breedlove, Evan L.; Shenk, Trey E.; Abbas, Kausar; Robinson, Meghan E.; Leverenz, Larry J.; Nauman, Eric A.; Dydak, Ulrike; Talavage, Thomas M.

doi:10.1080/87565641.2014.984810

Cited by 63 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Recent work suggests that some aspect of cumulative exposure is the primary risk factor in the development of pathological neurophysiological changes accrued throughout the season in contact sports Guskiewicz et al, 2007;McKee et al, 2009;Poole et al, 2014Poole et al, , 2015Shenk et al, 2015;Talavage et al, 2014). Consequently, one would expect an increase in the number of subconcussive blows as well as the number of large head impacts often thought to cause concussions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The sensors were sensitive enough to collect low acceleration events (10-20 g) for hard stops, cuts, and hard kicks. Given that these events are assumed to be unlikely to result in deleterious neurophysiological changes (e.g., there are no reports of sprinters experiencing abnormally high rates of neurological disorders), our analysis on head accelerations was limited to those events surpassing 20 g. It should be noted, however, that any threshold selection will remain somewhat arbitrary until neurophysiological or neurocognitive-based assessments are merged with data sets such as the one described here (Breedlove et al, 2012;Chun et al, 2015;Nauman et al, 2015;Poole et al, 2015;Robinson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Head Collision Event Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Collegiate women's soccer players suffer greater cumulative head impacts than their high school counterparts

McCuen

Svaldi

Breedlove

et al. 2015

Journal of Biomechanics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Head Collision Event Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Collegiate women's soccer players suffer greater cumulative head impacts than their high school counterparts

McCuen

Svaldi

Breedlove

et al. 2015

Journal of Biomechanics

Self Cite

131

158

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“…These changes have been observed in asymptomatic athletes through evaluation of measures derived from: cognitive testing (Breedlove et al, 2012, Talavage et al, 2014, Breedlove et al, 2014, Nauman et al, 2015); task-driven and resting-state brain behavior (Abbas et al, 2015c, Breedlove et al, 2012, Talavage et al, 2014, Robinson et al, 2015); neurovascular coupling (Svaldi et al, 2015, Svaldi et al, 2016); white matter health (Davenport et al, 2014, Mayer et al, 2015, Obler et al, 2010, Chun et al, 2015); and gray matter (Bazarian et al, 2014, Mayer et al, 2015) volume, including hippocampal-specific assessment (Singh et al, 2014). Additionally, the biochemistry of athletes has been observed to vary over the course of exposure to repetitive impacts (Poole et al, 2014, Poole et al, 2015). Further, the differential response to impacts appears to be markedly dependent on previous concussive history (Johnson et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of repetitive subconcussive collisions on brain integrity in collegiate football players over a single football season: A multi-modal neuroimaging study

Slobounov

Walter

Breiter

et al. 2017

NeuroImage: Clinical

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The cumulative effect of repetitive subconcussive collisions on the structural and functional integrity of the brain remains largely unknown. Athletes in collision sports, like football, experience a large number of impacts across a single season of play. The majority of these impacts, however, are generally overlooked, and their long-term consequences remain poorly understood. This study sought to examine the effects of repetitive collisions across a single competitive season in NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision athletes using advanced neuroimaging approaches. Players were evaluated before and after the season using multiple MRI sequences, including T1-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), arterial spin labeling (ASL), resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). While no significant differences were found between pre- and post-season for DTI metrics or cortical volumes, seed-based analysis of rs-fMRI revealed significant (p < 0.05) changes in functional connections to right isthmus of the cingulate cortex (ICC), left ICC, and left hippocampus. ASL data revealed significant (p < 0.05) increases in global cerebral blood flow (CBF), with a specific regional increase in right postcentral gyrus. SWI data revealed that 44% of the players exhibited outlier rates (p < 0.05) of regional decreases in SWI signal. Of key interest, athletes in whom changes in rs-fMRI, CBF and SWI were observed were more likely to have experienced high G impacts on a daily basis. These findings are indicative of potential pathophysiological changes in brain integrity arising from only a single season of participation in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision, even in the absence of clinical symptoms or a diagnosis of concussion. Whether these changes reflect compensatory adaptation to cumulative head impacts or more lasting alteration of brain integrity remains to be further explored.

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“…Efforts are being made, however, to detect the pathologic correlates of chronic repetitive brain trauma, and CTE specifically, in vivo, using radiographic techniques. 40,[45][46][47][48] At present, such technology is in its nascent stages, and has yet to be validated by comparison to pathologic findings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and athletes

et al. 2015

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Recent case reports have described athletes previously exposed to repetitive head trauma while participating in contact sports who later in life developed mood disorders, headaches, cognitive difficulties, suicidal ideation, difficulties with speech, and aggressive behavior. Postmortem discoveries show that some of these athletes have pathologic findings that are collectively termed chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Current hypotheses suggest that concussions or perhaps blows to the head that do not cause the signs and symptoms necessary for making the diagnosis of concussion, so-called subconcussive blows, cause both the clinical and pathologic findings. There are, however, some athletes who participate in contact sports who do not develop the findings ascribed to CTE. Furthermore, there are people who have headaches, mood disorders, cognitive difficulties, suicidal ideation, and other clinical problems who have neither been exposed to repeated head trauma nor possessed the pathologic postmortem findings of those currently diagnosed with CTE. The current lack of prospective data and properly designed case-control studies limits the current understanding of CTE, leading to debate about the causes of the neuropathologic findings and the clinical observations. Given the potential for referral and recall bias in available studies, it remains unclear whether or not the pathologic findings made postmortem cause the presumed neurobehavioral sequela and whether the presumed risk factors, such as sports activity, cerebral concussions, and subconcussive blows, are solely causative of the clinical signs and symptoms. This article discusses the current evidence and the associated limitations. Recent case reports have described athletes previously exposed to repetitive head trauma while participating in contact sports who later in life developed mood disorders, headaches, cognitive difficulties, suicidal ideation, difficulties with speech, and aggressive behavior.

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Sub-Concussive Hit Characteristics Predict Deviant Brain Metabolism in Football Athletes

Cited by 63 publications

References 13 publications

Collegiate women's soccer players suffer greater cumulative head impacts than their high school counterparts

Collegiate women's soccer players suffer greater cumulative head impacts than their high school counterparts

The effect of repetitive subconcussive collisions on brain integrity in collegiate football players over a single football season: A multi-modal neuroimaging study

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and athletes

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