Sub-Doppler two-photon spectroscopy of 33 Rydberg levels in atomic xenon excited at 205–213 nm: diverse isotopic and hyperfine structure

Abstract

Isotope energy shifts and hyperfine structure have been measured for 33 high-energy Rydberg levels of atomic xenon by sub-Doppler two-photon excitation spectroscopy, using narrowband pulses of coherent ultraviolet light at 205–213 nm generated by nonlinear-optical conversion processes. Rydberg levels are accessed at two-photon excitation energies in the 97 300–94 100 cm−1 range where isotope energy shifts and hyperfine structure have rarely been resolved; these Rydberg levels are 5p5 np [1/2]0 (n = 9–13), 5p5 np [3/2]2 (n = 9–13), 5p5 np [5/2]2 (n = 9–17), 5p5 nf [3/2]2 (n = 6–14) and 5p5 nf [5/2]2 (n = 6–10). The sub-Doppler spectra display diverse hyperfine-coupling effects, for which least-squares-fit spectroscopic parameters reflect the influence of angular momentum.

Quantum-beat photoelectron-imaging spectroscopy of Xe in the VUV

“…This indicates ∆E s =0.04 cm −1 for n = 6 and ε=50 Vcm −1 , which is significant on the scale of the measured splittings. However, it is of note that previous high-resolution studies of higher n manifolds (n > 10), at higher field strengths of ε ∼100 Vcm −1 , have neglected such effects [46]. The polarizabilities of J + =1/2 J + =3/2 the relevant states in Xe required to calculate ∆E s accurately [43] are, to the best of our knowledge, not known.…”

Gas temperature measurements in oxygen plasmas by high-resolution Two-Photon Absorption Laser-induced Fluorescence

“…xenon consists of 8 stable isotopes, each having slightly different energy levels. Combined with hyperfine effects this results in the complex structure of the TALIF spectrum observed in figure 5 [14].…”

Treating the Untreatable in Art and Heritage Materials: Ultrafast Laser Cleaning of “Cloth-of-Gold”

“…For comparison with ultrafast treatment using the femtosecond laser described above, experiments were also performed with a long-pulse laser comprising an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) and two-stage Ti:sapphire amplifier, the details of which are described elsewhere. , The pulse duration was measured to be ∼6 ns fwhm and the maximum pulse energy was ∼40 mJ at ∼830 nm. The beam was focused to a ∼250-μm-diameter spot on the sample surface, and attenuated by a neutral-density filter to yield laser fluence levels similar to that used for the ultrashort pulse laser treatment.…”