Sub-lethal Effects of the Insecticides Pirimicarb and Dimethoate on the Aphid Parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) When Attacking and Developing in Insecticide-Resistant Hosts

Umoru, P. A.; Powell, W.

doi:10.1080/0958315021000016261

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Again, toxicity varies considerably with the experimental set-up and species. High mortality rates have been reported when adults were exposed to dry residues or directly sprayed (Borgemeister et al 1993;Desneux et al 2004;Jansen 1996;), but no effects (Jansen 1996) or only sub-lethal effects (Umoru and Powell 2002) were shown when the parasitoid was allowed to attack and/or develop in treated aphids. Little is known, however, about the effect of pirimicarb on non-aphid parasitoids.…”

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confidence: 96%

Susceptibility of cocooned pupae and adults of the parasitoid Microplitis mediator to selected insecticides

2011

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The braconid parasitoid Microplitis mediator (Haliday) is a key natural enemy of the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae (L.), in Europe. In the context of an Integrated Pest Management approach, the use of selective insecticides is essential for the conservation of naturally occurring beneficial arthropods. The present laboratory study investigated the side effects of six insecticides applied at recommended field rates on adults and cocooned pupae of M. mediator. Male and female parasitoids were paired in drum cells contaminated with dry residues of insecticides. Besides lethal effects after 24 h, parasitization capacity and longevity of the surviving parasitoids was evaluated. Lethal effects on cocooned pupae were also investigated by assessing adult emergence from treated cocoons. Pirimicarb caused 100% adult mortality after 24 h, whereas the other tested insecticides caused no direct toxic effects. However, sub-lethal effects in terms of reduced parasitization activity, percentage of parasitism or female longevity were found for flonicamid, pymetrozine, spinosad and thiacloprid. Spirotetramat shortened only male longevity. Adult emergence from treated cocoons was reduced only by flonicamid and pymetrozine. Keywords Flonicamid . Pirimicarb . Pymetrozine . Spinosad . Spirotetramat . Thiacloprid The cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae (L.), is a key pest of Brassica crops and frequently causes serious economic damage (Pfiffner et al. 2009). Several parasitoids have been reported to attack M. brassicae in European cabbage crops. The braconid Microplitis mediator (Haliday) is an endoparasitoid of M. brassicae larvae (Lauro et al. 2005) and reportedly the species with the highest constancy and abundance in central Europe (Turnock and Carl 1995). Although natural control exerted by M. mediator may be substantial, additional insecticide treatments remain necessary to control M. brassicae and other key pests in Brassica crops. Knowledge of the side effects of chemical pesticides on beneficial arthropods is therefore crucial. Assessment of a compound's non-target effects should include both direct toxicity and sublethal effects (Desneux et al. 2007). Little is known about the toxicity of spinosad and several novel aphicides registered for use in Brassica crops to M. mediator. The present study examined the lethal and sub-lethal effects of four biorational (flonicamid, pymetrozine, spinosad, spirotetramat) and two conventional (thiacloprid and pirimicarb) insecticides on this parasitoid. Effects of these pesticides were tested both on adult parasitoids and cocooned pupae.Microplitis mediator was collected in Brassica fields in Belgium and cultured using M. brassicae Phytoparasitica (2012) 40:5-9

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confidence: 96%

Susceptibility of cocooned pupae and adults of the parasitoid Microplitis mediator to selected insecticides

2011

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“…Pesticides currently play a major role in crop pest control, either as independent control agents or as a component of an integrated pest management (IPM) system (Umoru and Powell, 2002). However, insecticides such as organophosphates, carbamates, and synthetic pyrethroids are generally highly toxic to biological control agents, due to their broad spectrum of activity (Croft, 1990).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of selective insecticides on host searching and oviposition behavior of Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a larval parasitoid of the American serpentine leafminer

Tran

Takagi

Takasu

2004

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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Effects of application of three insecticides (imidacloprid, pymetrozine and lufenuron) on host searching and oviposition behavior of Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), a larval parasitoid of the American serpentine leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), were investigated in the laboratory. Female wasps spent more than 89% of their time on a leaf of host-infested kidney bean when introduced into a container containing the leaf treated with each insecticide or distilled water. However, wasps spent more time resting near or away from hosts and less time foraging for hosts on the leaves treated with imidacloprid than the other treated leaves. As a result, they encountered, oviposited and fed on hosts less frequently with imidacloprid treated leaves than any other treated leaves. The numbers of host findings, ovipositor insertions and host feedings were also significantly lower on the leaves treated with lufenuron than the control. These results suggest that imidacloprid and lufenuron reduced wasp host searching efficiency.

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“…Hymenopteran parasitoids have been documented to learn through encounters with chemical cues that can lead to avoidance behavior (Desneux et al., ; Giunti et al., ). This has been reported as a repellent behavior in parasitoids when encountering insecticides in choice and no‐choice tests (Umoru & Powell, ; Martin et al., ). Repellency to spinosad residues has been recorded in insect predators (Rahman et al., ; deCastro et al., ) but not in parasitoids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Limited protection of the parasitoid Pachycrepoideus vindemiae from Drosophila suzukii host‐directed spinosad suppression

Cossentine

Ayyanath

2017

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Laboratory trials were conducted to determine whether the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), puparium can provide an effective physical barrier to protect immature stages of the pupal parasitoid Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from spinosad treatments. Spinosad insecticides are currently an important suppression strategy for D. suzukii in organically managed fruit orchards although they are well known to cause mortality in hymenopteran parasitoids. High adult P. vindemiae female mortality (83%) occurred within 24 h of exposure to D. suzukii pupae treated with 10 mg a.i. l−1 spinosad and female parasitoids did not avoid the pupae treated with similar low levels of spinosad in choice tests that included untreated pupae. Pachycrepoideus vindemiae develops as an idiobiont ectoparasitoid on host fly pupa within the sclerotized host puparium. Significant P. vindemiae survival and emergence was recorded when parasitized D. suzukii puparia were exposed to field treatment levels of spinosad; however, the parasitoid survival was dependent on the time of the spinosad treatment of the host post‐parasitization. Significant parasitoid survival occurred when the host puparia were treated at 2 weeks when the parasitoid was in the pupal stage but did not occur when the host puparia were treated at 1 week post‐parasitization, when the parasitoids were still in a larval stage. The parasitoid adults consumed or otherwise came in contact with residual degrading spinosad when they exited the treated host, and consequently high and low adult parasitoid mortality occurred when the adults emerged from puparia treated at 2 and 1 week(s), respectively. Our study indicates that generally the integration of P. vindemiae parasitism into a sustainable D. suzukii management program is not compatible with spinosad treatments, although P. vindemiae in the pupal stage inside sclerotized host puparia appear to be minimally impacted by spinosad treatments, provided that the spinosad degrades before parasitoid emergence.

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Sub-lethal Effects of the Insecticides Pirimicarb and Dimethoate on the Aphid Parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) When Attacking and Developing in Insecticide-Resistant Hosts

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Susceptibility of cocooned pupae and adults of the parasitoid Microplitis mediator to selected insecticides

Susceptibility of cocooned pupae and adults of the parasitoid Microplitis mediator to selected insecticides

Effects of selective insecticides on host searching and oviposition behavior of Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a larval parasitoid of the American serpentine leafminer

Limited protection of the parasitoid Pachycrepoideus vindemiae from Drosophila suzukii host‐directed spinosad suppression

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