A series of LCO epitaxial thin films chemically oxidized by NaClO at 40 °C with different oxidation times
ranging from 3 to 48 h have been prepared. The results demonstrate that, unlike powder samples, chemical
oxidation of LCO thin films shows strong time effect. That is, resistances of the treated films exhibit initially
semiconducting behavior and convert into superconducting behavior gradually with increasing oxidation time.
With further increasing oxidation time, the resistances return to semiconducting behavior again. This effect
was found to originate from the lanthanum deficiency in the topmost layer of the film that causes an insulating
layer in the surface of the film, which seriously affects the superconductivity. The origin of lanthanum deficiency
is also discussed.