Sub-organism (acetylcholinesterase activity), population (survival) and chemical concentration responses reinforce mechanisms of antagonism associated with malathion toxicity

Detection and Screening of Organic Contaminants in A Riverine System of Georgia Using Non-Targeted Analysis

“…Concerns about malathion's adverse impact on human health arise from several factors, including the following: its lipophilic nature reduces solubility in water; it demonstrates a high tendency to accumulate in the environment; and its physical and chemical properties contribute to persistence [17]. The detrimental health effects of malathion stem from the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, leading to documented impacts on internal organs such as the heart and liver, as well as genetic and chromosomal disorders [1,18]. Following the non-targeted analysis, malathion was selected for targeted quantification and further investigation to observe its degradation pathway.…”

Assessment of the Impacts of Gaba and Ache Targeting Pesticides on Freshwater Invertebrate Family Richness in English Rivers

“…These differences are hard to reconcile but it is more than plausible that other factors in the riverine settings compound pesticide effects compared with that as determined under laboratory conditions, where exposure scenarios are generally highly simplistic and optimal in terms of supporting the health and nutrition of the organisms being exposed (Hall et al, 1986;Benson and Long, 1991;Kadlec and Benson, 1995;Kreuger, 1998;Lydy et al, 1999;Overmyer et al, 2005;Willming et al, 2013). In natural environments organisms are exposed to a range of stressors which can act in combination to affect chemical effects susceptibility and sensitivity (Coors and De Meester, 2008;Bray et al, 2021aBray et al, , 2021b. This was well illustrated in one study where withholding food resulted in an increased toxicity of prochloraz to Daphina magna (Shahid et al, 2019).…”

“…The toxicity of pesticides, however, differs depending on the taxawith some taxa being more sensitive due to factors including aspects of their life history, traits, genetics etc., (Rico and Van den Brink, 2015;Van Den Berg et al, 2019). Water quality parameters, such as pH, temperature, flow, and salinity can affect both the persistence and potency of pesticide active ingredients, hence the effect of pesticides can be situation (river) specific (Heugens et al, 2008;Stampfli et al, 2013;Bray et al, 2021aBray et al, , 2021bMacaulay et al, 2021).…”

Overexpression of an Integument Esterase Gene LbEST-inte4 Infers the Malathion Detoxification in Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae)

“…16 Overuse, slower degradation and residues of malathion convey environmental and safety risks. 17,18 Therefore, understanding the malathion adaptive mechanism in pests may help to devise better pest control strategies while reducing risks. Additionally, insects recovering from LC 30 treatment were also collected.…”

“…The convenience and long-term usage of malathion have led to a serious insecticide resistance/tolerance problem, and residues of malathion have also been found to penetrate into the grains . Overuse, slower degradation and residues of malathion convey environmental and safety risks. , Therefore, understanding the malathion adaptive mechanism in pests may help to devise better pest control strategies while reducing risks.…”