Sub-Saharan Africa total diet study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria: Pesticides occurrence in foods

Ingenbleek, Luc; Hu, Renwei; Pereira, Lionel Lopes; Paineau, Anaïs; Colet, Isabelle; Koné, Abdoulaye Zié; Adegboye, Abimbola; Hossou, Sètondji Epiphane; Dembélé, Yara Koreissi; Oyedele, Awoyinka Dada; Kisito, Chabi Sika K.J.; Eyangoh, Sara; Verger, P; Leblanc, Jean‐Charles; Bizec, Bruno Le

doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2019.100034

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…From systematic screening of 470 pesticides in total diet study food samples from sub-Saharan Africa, 39 pesticides were detected, 21 mainly organophosphate pesticides and pyrethroids. The 95th percentile dietary exposures to detected pesticides never exceeded 70% of JMPR acceptable daily intake, with the maximalist upper-bound hypothesis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generation of data for the occurrence of chemicals in food in sub-Saharan Africa is not, as such, a new finding; our previous work has described chemical concen tration patterns in food. [19][20][21][22][23] However, use of dietary data representing, by weight, more than 90% of foods prepared as consumed by households in eight study centres, the precise analytical results attributable to various applications of mass spectrometry, and the wide range of analytes covered by this study are unprecedented in Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean concentration levels of chemicals (exceeding 40 000 analytical results) in foods that we generated in the framework of this study were published elsewhere. [19][20][21][22][23]…”

Section: Implications Of All the Available Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Human dietary exposure to chemicals in sub-Saharan Africa: safety assessment through a total diet study

Ingenbleek

Verger

Gimou

et al. 2020

The Lancet Planetary Health

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Background Human dietary exposure to chemicals can result in a wide range of adverse health effects. Some substances might cause non-communicable diseases, including cancer and coronary heart diseases, and could be nephrotoxic. Food is the main human exposure route for many chemicals. We aimed to assess human dietary exposure to a wide range of food chemicals. MethodsWe did a total diet study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali, and Nigeria. We assessed 4020 representative samples of foods, prepared as consumed, which covered more than 90% of the diet of 7291 households from eight study centres. By combining representative dietary surveys of countries with findings for concentrations of 872 chemicals in foods, we characterised human dietary exposure. FindingsExposure to lead could result in increases in adult blood pressure up to 2•0 mm Hg, whereas children might lose 8•8-13•3 IQ points (95th percentile in Kano, Nigeria). Morbidity factors caused by coexposure to aflatoxin B1 and hepatitis B virus, and sterigmatocystin and fumonisins, suggest several thousands of additional liver cancer cases per year, and a substantial contribution to the burden of chronic malnutrition in childhood. Exposure to 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from consumption of smoked fish and edible oils exceeded levels associated with possible carcinogenicity and genotoxicity health concerns in all study centres. Exposure to aluminium, ochratoxin A, and citrinin indicated a public health concern about nephropathies. From 470 pesticides tested across the four countries, only high concentrations of chlorpyrifos in smoked fish (unauthorised practice identified in Mali) could pose a human health risk. Interpretation Risks characterised by this total diet study underscore specific priorities in terms of food safety management in sub-Saharan Africa. Similar investigations specifically targeting children are crucially needed. Funding Standards and Trade Development Facility.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human dietary exposure to chemicals in sub-Saharan Africa: safety assessment through a total diet study

Ingenbleek

Verger

Gimou

et al. 2020

The Lancet Planetary Health

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“…In other comparable studies in Cameroon, organochlorine pesticides were detected with high frequency and in high concentration, ranging from 0.02 mg/kg for β-endosulfan in millet to 9.53 mg/kg lindane (γ-HCH) in maize, and permethrin was found in maize at 0.39 mg/kg [ 23 ]. Likewise, cypermethrin was found in leafy vegetables from Douala (0.23 mg/kg) and Garoua (0.13 mg/kg) [ 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, our previous study showed that in 12 agricultural products from western highlands of Cameroon, at least one pesticide was found in all the samples, 34.4% of the tested compounds exceeded their European Union MRLs, and halogenated compounds were the most frequently quantified pesticides and at high concentrations [ 30 ]. Meal samples from Douala and Garoua in Cameroon contained residues of organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides [ 32 ]. All these studies suggested that human dietary exposure is potentially high, and continuous monitoring and dietary risk assessment of pesticide residues in Cameroon is an urge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination of Foods from Cameroon with Residues of 20 Halogenated Pesticides, and Health Risk of Adult Human Dietary Exposure

Galani

Houbraken

Wumbei

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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(1) Background: Halogenated pesticides are abundantly used in Cameroon, but there is no information on the health risk of consumers from exposure to their residues in foods. (2) Methods: Residues of 20 halogenated pesticides were determined in 11 agricultural products collected in the 3 largest cities of Cameroon using QuEChERS extraction and gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD), and health risk from dietary exposure was assessed. (3) Results: Organochlorines pesticides aldrin, p,p’-dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) found in 85.0%, 81.9% and 72.5% of samples, respectively, were the most frequently detected. The highest average concentrations of residues were 1.12, 0.74 and 0.39 mg/kg for methoxychlor, alachlor and β-HCH, respectively, found in chilli pepper. Chili pepper (58.9%), cowpea (56.8%), black beans (56.5%) and kidney beans (54.0%) exhibited the highest residue occurrences. Levels above the European Union maximum residue limits (MRLs) were found for all the 20 pesticides, in 40.1% of the positive analyses, and the food samples contained 14 pesticides banned in Cameroon. Chronic, acute, cumulative and carcinogenic risk assessments revealed that lifetime consumption of maize, black beans, kidney beans, groundnuts and chili pepper contaminated with aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, HCB, heptachlor, o,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE and β-HCH, could pose health risks. (4) Conclusion: These results show that there is an urgent need of pesticide usage regulation, effective application of pesticide bans and management of obsolete pesticide stocks in Cameroon.

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Exposure of Male Farmers and Nonfarmers to Neonicotinoid Pesticides in the South‐West and Littoral Regions of Cameroon: A Comparative Study

Manfo,

Nimako,

Nantia

et al. 2024

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Pesticides, especially the newly developed neonicotinoids, are increasingly used in many countries around the world, including Cameroon, to control pests involved in crop destruction or disease transmission. Unfortunately, the pesticides also pose tremendous environmental problems because a predominant amount of their residues enter environmental matrices to affect other nontargeted species including humans. This therefore calls for continuous biomonitoring of these insecticides in human populations. The present study sought to assess the neonicotinoid insecticide exposures in two agrarian regions of Cameroon, the South‐West region and Littoral region. The study involved 188 men, including 125 farmers and 63 nonfarmers. Spot urine samples were obtained from these subjects and subjected to liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric analysis for concentrations of neonicotinoid compounds, including acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, and N‐dm‐acetamiprid. Neonicotinoid compounds were detected in all study participants, and residues of all the screened pesticides were detected among participants. N‐dm‐Acetamiprid and imidacloprid were the most prevalent among the subjects (100.0% and 93.1%, respectively), whereas nitenpyram was less common (3.2%). The median values of imidacloprid and total urinary neonicotinoid concentrations were elevated among farmers (0.258 vs. 0.126 µg/L and 0.829 vs. 0.312 µg/L, respectively). Altogether the findings showed that both the farmer and nonfarmer study populations of Cameroon were exposed to multiple residues of neonicotinoids, with relatively higher levels of pesticides generally recorded among farmers. Although exposure levels of the neonicotinoids were generally lower than their respective reference doses, these results warrant further research on the health risk evaluation of multiple residues of the pesticides and reinforcement of control measures to minimize the exposure risks, especially among farmers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1–13. © 2024 SETAC

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Sub-Saharan Africa total diet study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria: Pesticides occurrence in foods

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Human dietary exposure to chemicals in sub-Saharan Africa: safety assessment through a total diet study

Human dietary exposure to chemicals in sub-Saharan Africa: safety assessment through a total diet study

Contamination of Foods from Cameroon with Residues of 20 Halogenated Pesticides, and Health Risk of Adult Human Dietary Exposure

Exposure of Male Farmers and Nonfarmers to Neonicotinoid Pesticides in the South‐West and Littoral Regions of Cameroon: A Comparative Study

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